Regular Bedtime: Implications for Obesity Prevention During the Pandemic and Beyond

Ang YN , Wee BS , Poh BK , Ismail MN . Multifactorial influences of childhood obesity. Curr Obes Rep, 2013; 2:10–22.

Smith JD , Egan KN , Montano Z , et al. A developmental cascade perspective of pediatric obesity: Conceptual model and scoping review. Health Psychol Rev, 2018; 12:271–293.

Morrissey B , Taveras E , Allender S , Strugnell C . Sleep and obesity among children: A systematic review of multiple sleep dimensions. Pediatr Obes, 2020; 15:e12619.

Fatima Y , Doi SAR , Mamun AA . Sleep quality and obesity in young subjects: A meta-analysis. Obes Rev, 2016; 17:1154–1166.

Magee L , Hale L . Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev, 2012; 16:231–241.

Kjeldsen J , Hjorth MF , Andersen R , et al. Short sleep duration and large variability in sleep duration are independently associated with dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children. Int J Obes (Lond), 2014; 38:32–39.

Gong QH , Li H , Zhang XH , et al. Associations between sleep duration and physical activity and dietary behaviors in Chinese adolescents: Results from the Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys of 2015. Sleep Med, 2017; 37:168–173.

Miller MA , Bates S , Ji C , Cappuccio FP . Systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between short sleep and incidence of obesity and effectiveness of sleep interventions on weight gain in preschool children. Obes Rev, 2021; 22:e13113.

Li L , Zhang S , Huang Y , Chen K . Sleep duration and obesity in children: A systematic reivew and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Paediatr Child Health, 2017; 53:378–385.

Jackson CL , Redline S , Emmons KM . Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health. Annu Rev Public Health, 2015; 36:417–440.

Agaronov A , Ash T , Sepulveda M , et al. Inclusion of sleep promotion in family-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity. Child Obes, 2018; 14:485–500.

Yoong SZ , Chai LK , Williams CM , et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions targeting sleep and their impact on child body mass index, diet, and physical activity. Pediatr Obes, 2016; 24:1140–1147.

Taylor RW , Williams SM , Galland BC , et al. Quantity versus quality of objectively measured sleep in relation to body mass index in children: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Int J Obes (Lond), 2020; 44:803–811.

Hayes JF , Balantekin KN , Altman M , et al. Sleep patterns and quality are associated with severity of obesity and weight-related behaviors in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Child Obes, 2018; 14:11–17.

Haidar A , Sharma SV , Durand CP , et al. Cross-sectional relationship between regular bedtime and weight status and obesity-related behaviors among preschool and elementary school children: TX CORD Study. Child Obes, 2021; 17:26–35.

Brazendale K , Beets MW , Weaver RG , et al. Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: The structured days hypothesis. IJBNPA, 2017; 14:1–14.

Moreno JP , Crowley SJ , Alfano CA , et al. Potential circadian and circannual rhythm contributions to the obesity epidemic in elementary school age children. IJBNPA, 2019; 16:1–10.

Covington LB , Armstrong B , Trude ACB , Black MM . Longitudinal associations among diet quality, physical activity and sleep onset consistency with body mass index z-score among toddlers in low-income families. Ann Behav Med 2020. Epub ahead of print.

Mindell JA , Li AM , Sadeh A , et al. Bedtime routines for young children: A dose-dependent association with sleep outcomes. Sleep, 2015; 38:717–722.

Covington LB , Rogers AE , Black MM . Sleep measurement in toddlers from low-income families. J Dev Behav Pediatr, 2019; 40:219–223.

Weaver RG , Hunt ET , Armstrong B , et al. COVID-19 leads to accelerated increases in children's BMI z-score gain: An interrupted time-series study. Am J Prev Med (In press).

Adams EL , Caccavale LJ , Smith D , Bean MK . Food insecurity, the home food environment, and parent feeding practices in the era of COVID-19. Obesity, 2020; 28:2056–2063.

Browne NT , Snethen JA , Greenberg CS , et al. When pandemics collide: The impact of COVID-19 on childhood obesity. J Pediatr Nurs, 2021; 56:90–98.

Mindell JA , Williamson AA . Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond. Sleep Med Rev, 2018; 40:93–108.

American Academy of Pediatrics. Healthy sleep habits: How many hours does your child need?. 2020. Available at https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/sleep/Pages/healthy-sleep-habits-how-many-hours-does-your-child-need.aspx Last accessed January 18, 2021.

Black MM , Walker SP , Fernald LCH , et al. Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course. Lancet, 2017; 389:77–90.

Anderson SE , Sacker A , Whitaker RC , Kely Y . Self-regulation and household routines at age three and obesity at age eleven: Longitudinal analysis of the UK millennium cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond), 2017; 41:1459–1466.