Obesity was often associated with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration, which is an established cardiovascular risk factor.
Objectives:
To evaluate the association of HDL-cholesterol concentration with fat and muscle mass in children and adolescents.
Methods:
Data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) were used to estimate fat and muscle mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the participants who had also an examination of their lipid profiles. Fat mass was assessed by DXA-determined fat mass index (FMI). Muscle mass was operationalized by appendicular lean mass index (LMI). Low HDL-cholesterol concentration was defined as <40 mg/dL.
Results:
For the evaluation of the association of HDL-cholesterol concentration with FMI and LMI Z-scores, the data of 6288 children and adolescents (age 8–19 years) (2535 females) were eligible. In the study population, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol concentration increased with rising FMI and appendicular LMI Z-scores.
Conclusions:
The study results suggested that there is a counterintuitive, inverse association of muscle mass and HDL-cholesterol concentration.
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