Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are generated in the combustion processes of solid waste and can cause adverse influences on human health, especially lung diseases. Lung cancer is one of the most serious malignancies in recent years, which the global deaths rate is about 1.6 million every year.
Methods and Results:
In this study, we verified that ZnO/MCB EPFRs promote cell proliferation and migration, impedes cell apoptosis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we found that ZnO/MCB could influence the expression of miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-34a). In vivo, ZnO/MCB and ZnO EPFRs can reduce the weight and survival rate of BALB/c male mice more than that of BALB/c female mice. In the ZnO/MCB exposed group, male mice lung became even smaller, while the female mice the lung increased significantly. Taken together, our results provide evidence for assessing the potential health risks of persistent free radicals on fine particles.
Conclusions:
This study linked toxicity of EPFRs with miRNAs revealed the potential health hazard to human lung cancer.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
NyashinaGS, VershininaKY, ShlegelNE, et al.Effective incineration of fuel-waste slurries from several related industries. Environ Res, 2019; 176:108559.
2.
ZhouJ, WuS, PanY, et al.Enrichment of heavy metals in fine particles of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash and associated health risk. Waste Manage, 2015; 43:239.
3.
ShangY, LiuM, WangT, et al.Modifications of autophagy influenced the Alzheimer-like changes in SH-SY5Y cells promoted by ultrafine black carbon. Environ Pollut, 2019; 246:763.
4.
ShaddickG, ThomasML, AminiH, et al.Data integration for the assessment of population exposure to ambient air pollution for global burden of disease assessment. Environ Sci Technol, 2018; 52:9069.
5.
KinneyPL. Climate change, air quality, and human health. Am J Prev Med, 2008; 35:459.
6.
DohertyRM, HealMR, O'ConnorFM. Climate change impacts on human health over Europe through its effect on air quality. Environ Health, 2017; 16:118.
7.
BrauerM, AmannM, BurnettRT, et al.Exposure assessment for estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to outdoor air pollution. Environ Sci Technol, 2012; 46:652.
8.
KimKH, JahanSA, KabirE. A review on human health perspective of air pollution with respect to allergies and asthma. Environ Int, 2013; 59:41.
9.
KonczolM, EbelingS, GoldenbergE, et al.Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of size-fractionated iron oxide (magnetite) in A549 human lung epithelial cells: Role of ROS, JNK, and NF-kappaB. Chem Res Toxicol, 2011; 24:1460.
10.
DurandN, StorzP. Targeting reactive oxygen species in development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2017; 17:19.
11.
ChenT, YanJH, LuSY, et al.Characteristic of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in fly ash from incinerators in china. J Hazard Mater, 2008; 150:510.
12.
LiZ, GuoD, YinX, et al.Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce human multiple myeloma cell death via reactive oxygen species and Cyt-C/Apaf-1/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 signaling pathway in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020; 122:109712.
13.
ZhangH, ChenB, JiangH, et al.A strategy for ZnO nanorod mediated multi-mode cancer treatment. Biomaterials, 2011; 32:1906.
14.
FengRM, ZongYN, CaoSM, et al.Current cancer situation in China: Good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics?. Cancer Commun, 2019; 39:22.
15.
BrambillaE, TravisWD, ColbyTV, et al.The new World Health Organization classification of lung tumours. Eur Respir J, 2001; 18:1059.
LiYL, LiuXM, ZhangCY, et al.MicroRNA-34a/EGFR axis plays pivotal roles in lung tumorigenesis. Oncogenesis, 2017; 6:e372.
21.
LiuX, WangY, ZhangX, et al.MicroRNA-296-5p promotes healing of diabetic wound by targeting sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2). Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2019; 35:e3104.
22.
BernardoBC, OoiJY, LinRC, et al.miRNA therapeutics: A new class of drugs with potential therapeutic applications in the heart. Future Med Chem, 2015; 7:1771.
23.
FangQY, DengQF, LuoJ, et al.MiRNA-20a-5p accelerates the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting and downregulating KLF9. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020; 24:2548.
24.
ShenS, LiK, LiuY, et al.Silencing lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 upregulates miR-195-5p to repress migration and invasion of EC cells via the decrease of FOSL1 expression. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2020; 20:331.
25.
LiuH, MaoZ, ZhuJ, et al.MiR-140-5p inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via targeting toll-like receptor 4. Gene Ther, 2020; 28:413–421.
26.
CostaLG, ColeTB, DaoK, et al.Effects of air pollution on the nervous system and its possible role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther, 2020; 210:107523.
27.
CarthewRW, SontheimerEJ. Origins and mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs. Cell, 2009; 136:642.
28.
ZhangX, GuW, MaZ, et al.Short-term exposure to ZnO/MCB persistent free radical particles causes mouse lung lesions via inflammatory reactions and apoptosis pathways. Environ Pollut, 2020; 261:114039.
29.
ZhangC, WangH, LiuX, et al.Oncogenic microRNA-411 promotes lung carcinogenesis by directly targeting suppressor genes SPRY4 and TXNIP. Oncogene, 2019; 38:1892.
30.
Percie du SertN, HurstV, AhluwaliaA, et al.The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol, 2020; 18:e3000410.
31.
LiY, WangD, LiX, et al.MiR-199a-5p suppresses non-small cell lung cancer via targeting MAP3K11. J Cancer, 2019; 10:2472.
32.
WangP, LiuX, ShaoY, et al.MicroRNA-107-5p suppresses non-small cell lung cancer by directly targeting oncogene epidermal growth factor receptor. Oncotarget, 2017; 8:57012.
33.
MaZL, ZhangBJ, WangDT, et al.Tanshinones suppress AURKA through up-regulation of miR-32 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget, 2015; 6:20111.
34.
WangDT, MaZL, LiYL, et al.miR-150, p53 protein and relevant miRNAs consist of a regulatory network in NSCLC tumorigenesis. Oncol Rep, 2013; 30:492.
35.
LiangC, ZhangX, WangHM, et al.MicroRNA-18a-5p functions as an oncogene by directly targeting IRF2 in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis, 2017; 8:e2764.
36.
WangH, MaZ, LiuX, et al.MiR-183-5p is required for non-small cell lung cancer progression by repressing PTEN. Biomed Pharmacother, 2019; 111:1103.
37.
HanR, HuM, ZhongQ, et al.Perfluorooctane sulphonate induces oxidative hepatic damage via mitochondria-dependent and NF-kappaB/TNF-alpha-mediated pathway. Chemosphere, 2018; 191:1056.
38.
GminskiR, DeckerK, HeinzC, et al.Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen, 2011; 52:296.
39.
LiX, YeC, MulatiM, et al.Ellipticine blocks synergistic effects of IL-17A and TNF-alpha in epithelial cells and alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury. Biochem Pharmacol, 2020; 177:113992.
40.
WijayaLK, StumblesPA, DrummondPD. A positive feedback loop between alpha1-adrenoceptors and inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res, 2020; 112008.
41.
HuPJ, PittetJF, KerbyJD, et al.Acute brain trauma, lung injury, and pneumonia: ore than just altered mental status and decreased airway protection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2017; 313:L1.
42.
LiH, HuangMH, JiangJD, et al.Hepatitis C: From inflammatory pathogenesis to anti-inflammatory/hepatoprotective therapy. World J Gastroenterol, 2018; 24:5297.
43.
JoyceE, GlasnerP, RanganathanS, et al.Tubulointerstitial nephritis: Diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Pediatr Nephrol, 2017; 32:577.
44.
PacherP, BeckmanJS, LiaudetL. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev, 2007; 87:315.
45.
KumarN, LiangD, ComellasA, et al.Satellite-based PM concentrations and their application to COPD in Cleveland, OH. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, 2013; 23:637.
46.
RiceMB, LjungmanPL, WilkerEH, et al.Short-term exposure to air pollution and lung function in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013; 188:1351.
47.
PopeCA, 3rd, BurnettRT, ThurstonGD, et al.Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: Epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation, 2004; 109:71.
48.
ChenR, LiH, CaiJ, et al.Fine particulate air pollution and the expression of microRNAs and circulating cytokines relevant to inflammation, coagulation, and vasoconstriction. Environ Health Perspect, 2018; 126:017007.
49.
ZhangX, ZhangY, MengQ, et al.MicroRNA-382-5p is involved in pulmonary inflammation induced by fine particulate matter exposure. Environ Pollut, 2020; 262:114278.
50.
LiP, WangJ, GuoF, et al.A novel inhibitory role of microRNA-224 in particulate matter 2.5-induced asthmatic mice by inhibiting TLR2. J Cell Mol Med, 2020; 24:3040.
51.
XiaoY, HuR. [MiR-18a Can Regulate chemotherapy sensitivity of leukemia cell HL-60 to VP-16 and VCR by targeting ATM]. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi, 2015; 23:999.
52.
KolendaT, GuglasK, KopczynskaM, et al.Good or not good: Role of miR-18a in cancer biology. Reports Pract Oncol Radiother, 2020; 25:808.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
