Restricted accessLetterFirst published online 2017-02
Atomoxetine Use in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Tic Disorder in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbid disease in children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS), in which tic-like involuntary movements are frequently seen clinical conditions. In contrast to psychostimulants, atomoxetine is considered as having minimal effects on tics. Here we report two cases with ADHD and PANDAS who were treated with atomoxetine for their ADHD and comorbid tics.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AllenAJ, KurlanRM, GilbertDL, CoffeyBJ, LinderSL, LewisDW, et al.: Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders. Neurology, 65:1941–1949, 2005.
2.
ChangK, FrankovichJ, CooperstockM, CunninghamMW, LatimerME, MurphyTK: Clinical evaluation of youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Recommendations from the 2013 PANS Consensus Conference. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 25:3–13, 2015.
SwedoSE, LeckmanJF, RoseNR: From research to subgroup to clinical syndrome: Modifying the PANDAS criteria to describe PANS (pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome). Pediatr Ther, 2:113, 2012.
6.
SwedoSE, LeonardHL, GarveyM, MittlemanB, AllenAJ, PerlmutterS, LougeeL: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: Clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry, 155:264–271, 1998.
7.
YangCS, HuangH, ZhangLL, ZhuCR, GuoQ: Aripiprazole for the treatment of tic disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 15:179, 2015.
