Effective Connectivity Maps in the Swine Somatosensory Cortex Estimated from Electrocorticography and Validated with Intracortical Local Field Potential Measurements

Abstract

Macroscopic techniques are increasingly being used to estimate functional connectivity in the brain, which provides valuable information about brain networks. In any such endeavors it is important to understand capabilities and limitations of each technique through direct validation, which is often lacking. This study evaluated a multiple dipole source analysis technique based on electrocorticography (ECOG) data in estimating effective connectivity maps and validated the technique with intracortical local field potential (LFP) recordings. The study was carried out in an animal model (swine) with a large brain to avoid complications caused by spreading of the volume current. The evaluation was carried out for the cortical projections from the trigeminal nerve and corticocortical connectivity from the first rostrum area (R1) in the primary somatosensory cortex. Stimulation of the snout and layer IV of the R1 did not activate all projection areas in each animal, although whenever an area was activated in a given animal, its location was consistent with the intracortical LFP. The two types of connectivity maps based on ECOG analysis were consistent with each other and also with those estimated from the intracortical LFP, although there were small discrepancies. The discrepancies in mean latency based on ECOG and LFP were all very small and nonsignificant: snout stimulation, −1.1–2.0 msec (contralateral hemisphere) and 3.9–8.5 msec (ipsilateral hemisphere); R1 stimulation, −1.4–2.2 msec for the ipsilateral and 0.6–1.4 msec for the contralateral hemisphere. Dipole source analysis based on ECOG appears to be quite useful for estimating effective connectivity maps in the brain.