IngvarS. Reaction of cells to the galvanic current in tissue cultures. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 1920; 17:198–199.
2.
HinkleL, McCaigCD, RobinsonKR. The direction of growth of differentiating neurones and myoblasts from frog embryos in an applied electric field. J Physiol, 1981; 314:121–135.
3.
PatelN, PooM-M. Orientation of neurite growth by extracellular electric fields. J Neurosci, 1982; 2:483–496.
4.
BorgensRB, BlightAR, McGinnisME. Behavioral recovery induced by applied electric fields after spinal cord hemisection in guinea pig. Science, 1987; 238:366–369.
5.
ShapiroS, BorgensR, PascuzziR, et al.Oscillating field stimulation for complete spinal cord injury in humans: A phase 1 trial. J Neurosurg Spine, 2005; 2:3–10.
6.
HarrisAJ, McCaigCD. Motoneurone death and motor unit size during embryonic development of the rat. J Neurosci, 1984; 4:13–24.
7.
McCaigCD. Nerve growth in the absence of growth cone filopodia and the effects of a small applied electric field. J Cell Sci, 1989; 93:715–721.
8.
McCaigCD. Studies on the mechanism of embryonic frog nerve orientation in a small applied electric field. J Cell Sci, 1989; 93:723–730.
9.
McCaigCD. Nerve branching is induced and oriented by a small applied electric field. J Cell Sci, 1990; 95:605–616.
10.
McCaigCD. Spinal neurite reabsorption and regrowth in vitro depend on the polarity of an applied electric field. Development, 1987; 100:31–41.
11.
RajnicekAM, BritlandS, McCaigCD. Contact guidance of CNS neurites on grooved quartz: I. Influence of groove dimensions, neuronal age and cell type. J Cell Sci, 1997; 110:2905–2913.
12.
RajnicekAM, McCaigCD. Guidance of CNS neurites by substratum grooves and ridges: II. Effects of inhibitors of the cytoskeleton, calcium channels and signal transduction pathways. J Cell Sci, 1997; 110:2915–2924.
13.
RajnicekAM, FoubisterL, McCaigCD. Temporally and spatially coordinated roles for Rho, Rac, Cdc42 and their effectors in growth cone guidance by a physiological electric field. J Cell Sci, 2006; 119:1723–1735.
14.
RajnicekAM, FoubisterL, McCaigCD. Growth cone steering by a physiological electric field requires dynamic microtubules, microfilaments and Rac-mediated filopodial asymmetry. J Cell Sci, 2006; 119:1736–1745.
15.
ErskineL, McCaigCD. Growth cone neurotransmitter receptor activation modulates electric field-guided nerve growth. Dev Biol, 1995; 171:330–339.
16.
McCaigCD, SangsterL, StewartR. Neurotrophins enhance electric field-directed growth cone guidance and directed nerve branching. Dev Dyn, 2000; 217:299–308.
17.
BarkerAT, JaffeLF, VanableJW Jr.The glabrous epidermis of cavies contains a powerful battery. Am J Physiol, 1982; 242:R358–R366.
18.
ZhaoM, Agius-FernandezA, ForresterJV, et al.Orientation and directed migration of cultured corneal epithelial cells in small electric fields are serum dependent. J Cell Sci, 1996; 109:1405–1414.
19.
ZhaoM, DickA, ForresterJV, et al.Fibronectin and laminin enhance electric field-directed migration of corneal epithelial cells by a mechanism involving upregulation and cathodal redistribution of EGF receptors. Mol Biol Cell, 1999; 10:1259–1276.
20.
ZhaoM, PuJ, ForresterJV, et al.Membrane lipids, EGF receptors and intracellular signals co-localize and are polarized in epithelial cells moving directionally in a physiological electric field. FASEB J, 2002; 16:857–859. DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0811fje.
21.
ZhaoM, ForresterJV, McCaigCD. Physiological electric fields orient the axis of cell division. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1999; 96:4942–4946.
22.
SongB, ZhaoM, ForresterJV, et al.Electrical cues regulate the orientation and frequency of cell division and the rate of wound healing in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002; 99:13577–13582.
23.
SongB, ZhaoM, ForresterJV, et al.Nerves are guided and nerve sprouting is stimulated by a naturally occurring electrical field in vivo. J Cell Sci, 2004; 117:4681–4690.
24.
BaiH, ZhaoM, ForresterJV, et al.Electric stimulation has a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells: Guiding cell elongation, orientation and migration. J Cell Sci, 2003; 117:397–405.
25.
WangE, ZhaoM, ForresterJV, et al.Electric fields and MAP kinase signaling can regulate early wound healing in lens epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2003; 44:244–249.
26.
PuJ, McCaigCD, CaoL, et al.EGF receptor signaling is essential for electric field directed migration of breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci, 2007; 120:3395–3403.
27.
ReidB, SongB, McCaigCD, et al.Wound healing in rat cornea: The role of electrical currents. FASEB J, 2005; 19:379–386.
28.
ZhaoM, SongB, PuJ, et al.Electrical signals control wound healing via phosphatidyl-3 kinase γ and PTEN. Nature, 2006; 442:457–460.
29.
YaoL, McCaigCD, ZhaoM. Electrical signals direct neuron migration, neuron division and polarize neuronal organelles. Hippocampus, 2009; 19:855–868.
30.
RobinsonKR, PattersonJW. Localization of steady currents in the lens. Curr Eye Res, 1982; 2:843–847.
31.
LoisN, ReidB, SongB, et al.Electric currents and lens regeneration in the rat. Exp Eye Res, 2010; 90:316–323.
32.
CaoL, PuJ, LiuJ, et al.Endogenous bioelectric currents promote differentiation of the mammalian lens. J Cell Physiol, 2018; 233:2202–2212.
33.
CaoL, McCaigCD, ScottRH, et al.Polarizing intestinal epithelial cells electrically through Ror2. J Cell Sci, 2014; 127:3233–3239.
34.
CaoL, PuJ, MilneG, et al.Polarized retinal pigment epithelium generates electrical signals that diminish with age and regulate retinal pathology. J Cell Mol Med, 2018; 22:5552–5564.
35.
HoareJI, RajnicekAM, McCaigCD, et al.Electric fields are novel determinants of human macrophage functions. J Leukocyte Biol, 2016; 99:1141–1151.
36.
ArnoldCE, RajnicekA, HoareJI, et al.Physiological strength electric fields modulate human T cell activation and polarisation. Sci Rep, 2019; 9:17604.
37.
MolsbergerA, McCaigCD. Percutaneous direct current stimulation—a new electroceutical solution for severe neurological pain and soft tissue injuries. Med Devices (Auckland), 2018; 11:205–214.
38.
MolsbergerA, McCaigCD. Percutaneous bioelectric current stimulation for chronic cluster headache—a possible transformative approach to cluster headache. J Pain Res, 2020; 13:817–828.
