The microbial community in human milk is associated with many maternal and neonatal factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of antibiotic exposure on the microbial community structure of colostrum.
Methods:
Twenty women with antibiotic treatment immediately after delivery and 10 age-matched control women were enrolled at the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital. Colostrum samples were collected within postpartum 30 hours. The V4 variable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize the microbial profile using Illumina MiSeq platform.
Results:
Phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant bacteria in colostrum samples. The core and abundant genera in colostrum included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. Compared with the control group, principal coordinate analysis based on the Bray-Curtis distance showed a significant difference in milk microbial community in women with antibiotic exposure, accompanied by a significantly lower alpha diversity and a different microbial ecological network. Furthermore, the relative abundances of genera Actinomyces, Anaerobacter, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto significantly decreased after antibiotic treatment.
Conclusions:
This study provided evidence of alterations in the colostrum microbial community with antibiotic exposure, improving our understanding of the effects of antibiotic treatment on the milk microbiome.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
MoossaviS, SepehriS, RobertsonB, et al.Composition and variation of the human milk microbiota are influenced by maternal and early-life factors. Cell Host Microbe, 2019; 25(2):324–335; doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.011
2.
RuizL, García-CarralC, RodriguezJM. Unfolding the human milk microbiome landscape in the omics era. Front Microbiol, 2019; 10:1378; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01378
3.
OikonomouG, AddisMF, ChassardC, et al.Milk microbiota: What are we exactly talking about?. Front Microbiol, 2020; 11:60; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00060
4.
Gomez-GallegoC, Garcia-MantranaI, SalminenS, et al.The human milk microbiome and factors influencing its composition and activity. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2016; 21(6):400–405; doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2016.05.003
5.
MurphyK, CurleyD, O'CallaghanTF, et al.The composition of human milk and infant faecal microbiota over the first three months of life: A pilot study. Sci Rep, 2017; 7:40597; doi: 10.1038/srep40597
6.
LiabsuetrakulT, ChoobunT, PeeyananjarassriK, et al.Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020; 3(3):CD004455; doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004455.pub5
7.
SmaillFM, GrivellRM. Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014; 2014(10):CD007482; doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007482.pub3
8.
MagocT, SalzbergSL. FLASH: Fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. Bioinformatics, 2011; 27(21):2957–2963; doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507
9.
SchlossPD, WestcottSL, RyabinT, et al.Introducing mothur: Open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2009; 75(23):7537–7541; doi: 10.1128/AEM.01541-09
10.
WangQ, GarrityGM, TiedjeJM, et al.Naive bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2007; 73(16):5261–5267; doi: 10.1128/AEM.00062-07
11.
DouglasGM, MaffeiVJ, ZaneveldJR, et al.PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. Nat Biotechnol, 2020; 38(6):685–688; doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0548-6
12.
ParksDH, TysonGW, HugenholtzP, et al.STAMP: Statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles. Bioinformatics, 2014; 30(21):3123–3124; doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu494
13.
KurtzZD, MüllerCL, MiraldiER, et al.Sparse and compositionally robust inference of microbial ecological networks. PLoS Comput Biol, 2015; 11(5):e1004226; doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004226
14.
BiagiE, AcetiA, QuerciaS, et al.Microbial community dynamics in mother's milk and infant's mouth and gut in moderately preterm infants. Front Microbiol, 2018; 9:2512; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02512
15.
JostT, LacroixC, BraeggerC, et al.Assessment of bacterial diversity in breast milk using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Br J Nutr, 2013; 110(7):1253–1262; doi: 10.1017/S0007114513000597
16.
McGuireMK, McGuireMA. Got bacteria? The astounding, yet not-so-surprising, microbiome of human milk. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 2017; 44:63–68; doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.013
17.
LopetusoLR, ScaldaferriF, PetitoV, et al.Commensal Clostridia: Leading players in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Gut Pathog, 2013; 5(1):23; doi: 10.1186/1757-4749-5-23
18.
YoumansBP, AjamiNJ, JiangZD, et al.Characterization of the human gut microbiome during travelers' diarrhea. Gut Microbes, 2015; 6(2):110–119; doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1019693
19.
BingAU, LohSF, MorrisT, et al.Actinomyces species isolated from breast infections. J Clin Microbiol, 2015; 53(10):3247–3255; doi: 10.1128/JCM.01030-15
20.
PatelSH, VaidyaYH, PatelRJ, et al.Culture independent assessment of human milk microbial community in lactational mastitis. Sci Rep, 2017; 7(1):7804; doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08451-7
21.
DetmanA, LaubitzD, ChojnackaA, et al.Dynamics of dark fermentation microbial communities in the light of lactate and butyrate production. Microbiome, 2021; 9(1):158; doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01105-x
22.
LiZ, WangX, ZhangT, et al.The development of microbiota and metabolome in small intestine of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) from birth to weaning. Front Microbiol, 2018; 9:4; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00004
23.
LingZ, LiZ, LiuX, et al.Altered fecal microbiota composition associated with food allergy in infants. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2014; 80(8):2546–2554; doi: 10.1128/AEM.00003-14
24.
ZhouY, ShanG, SodergrenE, et al.Longitudinal analysis of the premature infant intestinal microbiome prior to necrotizing enterocolitis: A case-control study. PLoS One, 2015; 10(3):e0118632; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118632
25.
DamacenoQS, SouzaJP, NicoliJR, et al.Evaluation of potential probiotics isolated from human milk and colostrum. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2017; 9(4):371–379; doi: 10.1007/s12602-017-9270-1
26.
JostT, LacroixC, BraeggerC, et al.Impact of human milk bacteria and oligosaccharides on neonatal gut microbiota establishment and gut health. Nutr Rev, 2015; 73(7):426–437; doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu016
27.
JostT, LacroixC, BraeggerCP, et al.Vertical mother-neonate transfer of maternal gut bacteria via breastfeeding: Mother-neonate bacterial transfer. Environ Microbiol, 2014; 16(9):2891–2894; doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12238
28.
WardTL, HosidS, IoshikhesI, et al.Human milk metagenome: A functional capacity analysis. BMC Microbiol, 2013; 13:116; doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-116
29.
RamaniS, StewartCJ, LauciricaDR, et al.Human milk oligosaccharides, milk microbiome and infant gut microbiome modulate neonatal rotavirus infection. Nat Commun, 2018; 9(1):5010; doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07476-4
30.
LoveringAL, SafadiSS, StrynadkaNCJ. Structural perspective of peptidoglycan biosynthesis and assembly. Annu Rev Biochem, 2012; 81:451–478; doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061809-112742
31.
XieW, ZhangH, NiY, et al.Contrasting diversity and composition of human colostrum microbiota in a maternal cohort with different ethnic origins but shared physical geography (island scale). Front Microbiol, 2022; 13:934232; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934232
