Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement on Ankyloglossia in Breastfeeding Dyads

Bin-Nun A , Kasirer YM , Mimouni FB . A dramatic increase in tongue-tie related articles: A 67-year systematic review. Breastfeed Med, 2014; 12:410–414.

Joseph KS , Kinniburgh B , Metcalfe A , et al. Temporal trends in Ankyloglossia and frenotomy in British Columbia Canada 2004–2014: A population-based study. CMAJ Open, 2016; 4:E33–E40.

Kapoor V , Douglas P , Hill P , et al. Frenotomy for tongue-tie in Australian Children, 2006–2016, an increasing problem. Med J Australia, 2018; 208:88–89.

Walsh J , Links A , Boss E , et al. Ankyloglossia and lingual frenotomy: National trends in inpatient diagnosis and management in the United States, 1997–2012. Oto Head Neck Surg, 2017; 156:735–740.

Jin RR , Sutcliffe A , Vento M , et al. What does the world think of tongue tie?. Acta Paediatr, 2018; 107:1733–1738.

Todd DA , Hogan MJ . Tongue-tie in the newborn: early diagnosis and division prevents poor breastfeeding outcomes. Breastfeed Rev, 2015; 23:11–16.

Mills N , Pransky S , Geddes D , et al. What is a tongue-tie? Defining the Anatomy of the in-situ Frenulum. Clin Anatomy, 2019; 32:749–761.

Mills N , Keough N , Geddes D , et al. Defining the anatomy of the neonatal frenulum. Clin Anatomy, 2019; 32:824–835.

Geddes DT , Langton D , Gollow I , et al. Frenulotomy for breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia: Effect on milk removal and sucking mechanism as imaged by ultrasound. Pediatrics, 2008; 122:e188–e194.

Geddes DT , Kent JC , McClellan HL , et al. Sucking characteristics of successfully breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia: A case series. Acta Paediatr (Oslo, Norway: 1992), 2010; 99:301–303.

Douglas P , Geddes D . Practice-based interpretation of ultrasound studies leads way to more effective clinical support and less pharmaceutical and surgical intervention for breastfeeding infants. Midwifery, 2018; 58:145–155.

Scott JA , Binns C , Oddy W , et al. Predictors of breastfeeding duration: Evidence from a Cohort Study. Pediatrics, 2006; 117:e646–e655.

Wright JE . Tongue-tie. J Paediatr Child Health, 1995; 31:276–278.

Messener AH , Lalakea L , Aby J , et al. Ankyloglossia: Incidence and associated feeding difficulties. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2000; 126:36–39.

Griffiths DM . Do tongue ties affect breastfeeding?. J Hum Lactat, 2004; 4:409–414.

Ricke LA , Baker N , Madlon-Kay DJ , et al. Newborn tongue-tie: Prevalence and effect on Breastfeeding. J Am Board Fam Pract, 2005; 18:326.

Caloway C , Hersh C , Baars R , et al. Association of Feeding Evaluation with frenotomy rates in Infants with Breastfeeding Difficulties. JAMA Oto Head Neck Surg, 2019; 145:817–822.

Hazelbaker A. Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function. Columbus, OH: Aiden and Eva Press, 2010.

Hazelbaker A. Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function. Columbus, OH: Aiden and Eva Press, 2012.

Srinivasan A , Al Khoury A , Puzhko S , et al. Frenotomy in infants with breastfeeding problems. J Hum Lactat, 2019; 35:706–712.

Marchesan IQ . Lingual frenulum protocol. Int J Orofac Myol, 2012; 38:89–103.

Ingram J , Johnson D , Copeland M , et al. The development of a tongue assessment tool to assist with tongue-tie identification. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2015; 100:F344–F349.

Ingram J , Copeland M , Johnson D , et al. The development and evaluation of a picture tongue assessment tool for tongue-tie in breastfed babies (TABBY). Int Breastfeed J, 2019; 14:31.

Schlatter S-M , Schupp W , Otten J-E , et al. The Role of tongue-tie in breastfeeding problems—a prospective observational study. Acta Peadiatrica, 2019; 108:2214–2221.

Riordan J , Gill-Hopple K , Angeron J . Indicators of effective breastfeeding and estimates of breast milk Intake. J Hum Lactat, 2005; 21:406–412.

Lalakea ML , Messener AH . Ankyloglossia does it Matter?. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2003; 50:381–397.

Douglas PS . Making sense of studies that claim benefit of Frenotomy in the absence of classic Tongue-tie. J Hum Lactat, 2017; 33:519–523.

O'Shea JE , Foster JP , O'Donnell CPF , et al. Frenotomy for tongue-tie in newborn Infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017; 3:CD011065.

Haham A , Marom R , Mangel L , et al. Prevalence of Breastfeeding difficulties in newborns with a lingual frenulum: Prospective cohort study. Breastfeed Med, 2014; 9:438–441.

Power RF and Murphy JF . Tongue-tie and frenectomy in infants with breastfeeding difficulties: Achieving a balance. Arch Dis Child, 2015; 100:489–494.

Walker R , Messing S , Rosen-Carole C , et al. Defining tip to frenulum length for Ankyloglossia and its impact on Breastfeeding: A Prospective Cohort Study. Breastfeed Med, 2018; 13:204–210.

Hogan M , Wescott C , Griffiths M . A Randomized controlled trial of division of tongue-tie in infants with feeding problems. J Paediatr Child Health, 2005; 41:246–250.

Srinivasan A , Dobrich C , Mitnick H , Feldman P . Ankyloglossia in breastfeeding infants: The effect of frenotomy on maternal nipple pain and latch. Breastfeed Med, 2006; 1:216–224.

Dollberg S , Botzer E , Grunis E , Mimouni F . Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breastfed infants with Ankyloglossia: A randomized prospective study. J Plastic Surg, 2006; 41:1598–1600.

Buryk M . Bloom D, Shope T. Efficacy of neonatal release of ankyloglossia: A randomized trial. Pediatrics, 2011; 128:280.

Kumar M and Kalke E . Tongue-tie, breastfeeding difficulties and the role of Frenotomy. Acta Paediatr, 2012; 101:687–689.

O'Callahan C , Mccary S , Clemente S . The effects of office-based frenotomy for anterior and posterior ankyloglossia on breastfeeding. Int J Ped Otol, 2013; 77:827–832.

Ramoser G , Guoth-Gumberger M , Baumgartner-Sigl S , et al. Frenotomy for tongue-tie (frenulum linguae breve) showed improved symptoms in the short and long-term follow up. Acta Paediatr, 2019; 108:1861–1866.

Morosolli ARC , Veeck EB , Niccoli-Filho W , et al. Healing process after surgical treatment with scalpel electrocautery and laser radiation. Lasers Med Sci, 2010; 25:93–100.

D'Arcangelo C , Di Maio FDN , Prosperi GD , et al. A preliminary study of healing of diode laser versus scalpel incisions in rat oral tissue: A comparison of clinical, histological and immunochemical results. Oral Surg Oral Path Oral Radiol Endodont, 2007; 103:764–773.

Romeo U , Russo C , Palaia G , et al. Biopsy of different oral tissue lesions by KTP and diode laser: Histological evaluation. Sci World J, 2014:6.

Varadan M , Chopra A , Sanghavi AD , et al. Etiology and clinical recommendations to manage complications following lingual frenectomy: A critical review. J Stomatol Maxillofac Surg, 2019; 120:549–553.

Walsh J , McKenna Benoit M . Ankyloglossia and other oral ties. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 2019; 52:795–811.

Hale M , Mills N , Edmunds L , et al. Complications following frenotomy for ankyloglossia: A 24-month prospective New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit study. J Paediatr Child Health, 2019; 56:557–562.

Reid N , Rajput N . Acute feed refusal followed by Staphylococcus aureus wound infection after tongue-tie release. J Paediatr Child Health, 2014; 50:1030–1031.

Kim DH , Dickie A , Shih ACH , Graham ME . Delayed hemorrhage following laser frenotomy leading to hypovolemic shock. Breastfeed Med, 2021; 346–348.

Messener AH , Walsh J , Rosenfeld RM , et al. Clinical Consensus Statement: Ankyloglossia in Children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2020; 162:597–611.

Rizeq N , Wasserteil N , Mimouni F , et al. Upper lip tie and breastfeeding: A systematic review. Breastfeed Med, 2019; 14:83–87.

Douglas P , Cameron A , Cichero J , et al. Australian Collaboration for Infant Oral Research ACIOR Position Statement: Upper lip tie, buccal ties and the role of frenotomy in infants. Austr Dental Pract 2018.

Santa Maria C , Aby J , Truong MT , et al. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns: What is normal?. Global Pediatr Health, 2017; 4:1–6.