ChuTC, McCallumJ, YiiMF. Breastfeeding after anaesthesia: A review of the pharmacological impact on children. Anaesth Intensive Care, 2013; 41:35–40.
2.
CobbB, LiuR, ValentineE, et al.Breastfeeding after anesthesia: A review for anesthesia providers regarding the transfer of medications into breast milk. Transl Perioper Pain Med, 2015; 1:1–7.
3.
DalalPG, BosakJ, BerlinC. Safety of the breast-feeding infant after maternal anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth, 2014; 24:359–371.
4.
KundraS, KundraS. Breastfeeding in the perioperative period. J Obstet Anaesth Crit Care, 2011; 1:46–47.
SachsHC; Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: An update on selected topics. Pediatrics, 2013; 132:e796–e809.
12.
van den AnkerJN. Is it safe to use opioids for obstetric pain while breastfeeding?. J Pediatr, 2012; 160:4–6.
13.
HendricksonRG, McKeownNJ. Is maternal opioid use hazardous to breast-fed infants?. Clin Toxicol (Phila), 2012; 50:1–14.
GrimmD, PaulyE, PöschlJ, et al.Buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations in human breast milk samples determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit, 2005; 27:526–530.
16.
AndersenLW, QvistT, HertzJ, et al.Concentrations of thiopentone in mature breast milk and colostrum following an induction dose. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1987; 31:30–32.
17.
MathesonI, LundePK, BredesenJE. Midazolam and nitrazepam in the maternity ward: Milk concentrations and clinical effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1990; 30:787–793.
18.
DaillandP, CockshottID, LirzinJD, et al.Intravenous propofol during cesarean section: Placental transfer, concentrations in breast milk, and neonatal effects. A preliminary study. Anesthesiology, 1989; 71:827–834.
19.
SchmittJP, SchwoererD, DiemunschP, et al.[Passage of propofol in the colostrum. Preliminary data]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 1987; 6:267–268.
20.
StuttmannR, SchäferC, HilbertP, et al.The breast feeding mother and xenon anaesthesia: Four case reports. Breast feeding and xenon anaesthesia. BMC Anesthesiol, 2010; 10:1–1.
21.
SuppaE, ValenteA, CatarciS, et al.A study of low-dose S-ketamine infusion as “preventive” pain treatment for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: Benefits and side effects. Minerva Anestesiol, 2012; 78:774–781.
NakanishiR, YoshimuraM, SunoM, et al.Detection of dexmedetomidine in human breast milk using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a study of drug safety in breastfeeding after cesarean section. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2017; 1040:208–213.
24.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women. Updated 2016. Available at www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm532356.htm (accessed May20, 2017).
25.
FraserD, TurnerJW. Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. Proc R Soc Med, 1963; 56:379–381.
26.
HardellLI, LindstromB, LonnerholmG, et al.Pyridostigmine in human breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1982; 14:565–567.
WittelsB, ScottDT, SinatraRS. Exogenous opioids in human breast milk and acute neonatal neurobehavior: A preliminary study. Anesthesiology, 1990; 73:864–869.
34.
WittelsB, GlostenB, FaureEA, et al.Postcesarean analgesia with both epidural morphine and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: Neurobehavioral outcomes among nursing neonates. Anesth Analg, 1997; 85:600–606.
35.
LeuschenMP, WolfLJ, RayburnWF. Fentanyl excretion in breast milk. Clin Pharm, 1990; 9:336–337.
36.
MadejTH, StruninL. Comparison of epidural fentanyl with sufentanil. Analgesia and side effects after a single bolus dose during elective caesarean section. Anaesthesia, 1987; 42:1156–1161.
37.
EdwardsJE, RudyAC, WermelingDP, et al.Hydromorphone transfer into breast milk after intranasal administration. Pharmacotherapy, 2003; 23:153–158.
38.
SchultzML, KosticM, KharaschS. A case of toxic breast-feeding?. Pediatr Emerg Care, 2017. DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001009.
39.
AndersonPO, SauberanJB, LaneJR, et al.Hydrocodone excretion into breast milk: The first two reported cases. Breastfeed Med, 2007; 2:10–14.
40.
SauberanJB, AndersonPO, LaneJR, et al.Breast milk hydrocodone and hydromorphone levels in mothers using hydrocodone for postpartum pain. Obstet Gynecol, 2011; 117:611–617.
41.
MarxCM, PucinoF, CarlsonJD, et al.Oxycodone excretion in human milk in the puerperium. Drug Intell Clin Pharm, 1986; 20:474.
42.
LamJ, KellyL, CiszkowskiC, et al.Central nervous system depression of neonates breastfed by mothers receiving oxycodone for postpartum analgesia. J Pediatr, 2012; 160:33–37.e2.
KorenG, CairnsJ, ChitayatD, et al.Pharmacogenetics of morphine poisoning in a breastfed neonate of a codeine-prescribed mother. Lancet, 2006; 368:704–704.
45.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children; recommends against use in breastfeeding women. Updated. 2017. Available at www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm549679.htm (accessed May17, 2017).
46.
MadadiP, MorettiM, DjokanovicN, et al.Guidelines for maternal codeine use during breastfeeding. Can Fam Physician, 2009; 55:1077–1078.
47.
IlettKF, PaechMJ, Page-SharpM, et al.Use of a sparse sampling study design to assess transfer of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite into transitional breast milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2008; 65:661–666.
48.
SalmanS, SySK, IlettKF, et al.Population pharmacokinetic modeling of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite in plasma and breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2011; 67:899–908.
BloorM, PaechM. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the initiation of lactation. Anesth Analg, 2013; 116:1063–1075.
53.
WeibertRT, TownsendRJ, KaiserDG, et al.Lack of ibuprofen secretion into human milk. Clin Pharm, 1982; 1:457–458.
54.
WischnikA, ManthSM, LloydJ, et al.The excretion of ketorolac tromethamine into breast milk after multiple oral dosing. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1989; 36:521–524.
55.
HaleTW, McDonaldR, BogerJ. Transfer of celecoxib into human milk. J Hum Lact, 2004; 20:397–403.
56.
JamaliF, StevensDR. Naproxen excretion in milk and its uptake by the infant. Drug Intell Clin Pharm, 1983; 17:910–911.
KristensenJH, IlettKF, HackettLP, et al.Gabapentin and breastfeeding: A case report. J Hum Lact, 2006; 22:426–428.
59.
OhmanI, VitolsS, TomsonT. Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: Does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy?. Epilepsia, 2005; 46:1621–1624.
60.
OhmanI, TomsonT. Gabapentin kinetics during delivery, in the neonatal period, and during lactation. Epilepsia, 2009; 50(Suppl 10):108.
LockwoodPA, PauerL, ScavoneJM, et al.The pharmacokinetics of pregabalin in breast milk, plasma, and urine of healthy postpartum women. J Hum Lact, 2016:pii: 0890334415626148.
CamporesiA, SilvaniP. Comment on ‘Safety of the breast-feeding infant after maternal anesthesia’ dalal PG, bosak J, berlin C. Pediatr Anesth, 2014; 24:453–453.