Metabolic and Histopathological Effects of Mini Gastric By-Pass: An Experimental Animal Model

Abstract

Aim:

Bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. One of these procedures, minigastric bypass (MGB), reduces the volume of the stomach and provides malabsorption and restriction, as well as hormonal changes, leading to practical results. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the MGB technique in rats. For this purpose, we studied the efficacy of mediators on gastric obesity and metabolism and analyzed histopathological data for effects on weight loss.

Materials and Methods:

Obese Wistar Hannover rats were evaluated by measuring their weight before and after surgery and by examining gastrin, ghrelin, and leptin levels in blood samples collected on day 30, and the rats were sacrificed for histopathological examination.

Results:

Significant weight loss was observed in the MGB group at postoperative month 1 compared with the control group. The biochemical analysis showed that the mean gastrin level in the MGB group was statistically higher compared with the control group (p = 0.0001). Mean levels of ghrelin and leptin were significantly lower in the MGB group than in the control group (p = 0.0001). According to the immunohistochemical analysis, the mean gastrin level at the cardia was significantly higher in the MGB group than in the control group. Mean ghrelin levels at the pylorus in the study group was significantly lower compared with the control group. Mean leptin level at the cardia in the MGB group was significantly lower compared with the control group. The histopathological examination of the MGB group showed that foveolar hyperplasia at the cardia was mild, whereas cystic gland dilatation and fibrosis at the anastomosis site were moderate and intense, respectively.

Conclusions:

This is a pilot study to identify the ideal bariatric technique and to investigate histopathological results of unknown aspects of metabolic surgery methods. This will encourage researchers to perform similar studies in the future.