FlegalKM, CarrollMD, KitBK, OgdenCL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999–2010. JAMA, 2012; 307:491–497.
2.
DeitelM. The obesity epidemic. Obes Surg, 2006; 16:377–378.
3.
StraussRS. Comparison of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in a cross-sectional sample of obese and nonobese children (NHANES III). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Pediatr, 1999; 134:160–165.
4.
LeserMS, YanovskiSZ, YanovskiJA. A low-fat intake and greater activity level are associated with lower weight regain 3 years after completing a very-low-calorie diet. J Am Diet Assoc, 2002; 102:1252–1256.
5.
DeWaldT, KhaodhiarL, DonahueMP, BlackburnG. Pharmacological and surgical treatments for obesity. Am Heart J, 2006; 151:604–624.
6.
NIH conference. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Ann Intern Med, 1991; 115:956–961.
7.
SjöströmL, LindroosA-K, PeltonenM, TorgersonJ, BouchardC, CarlssonB, et al.Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med, 2004; 351:2683–2693.
8.
PonskyTA, BrodyF, PucciE. Alterations in gastrointestinal physiology after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. J Am Coll Surg, 2005; 201:125–131.
9.
ChavesGV, PereiraSE, SaboyaCJ, RamalhoA. Nutritional status of vitamin A in morbid obesity before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg, 2007; 17:970–976.
10.
SmithJC, BrownED, McDanielEG, ChanW. Alterations in vitamin A metabolism during zinc deficiency and food and growth restriction. J Nutr, 1976; 106:569–574.
11.
HolickMF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med, 2007; 357:266–281.
12.
OhJ, WengS, FeltonSK, BhandareS, RiekA, ButlerB, et al.1,25(OH)2 vitamin D inhibits foam cell formation and suppresses macrophage cholesterol uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 2009; 120:687–698.
13.
HerveC, BeyneP, LettéronP, DelacouxE. Comparison of erythrocyte transketolase activity with thiamine and thiamine phosphate ester levels in chronic alcoholic patients. Clin Chim Acta, 1995; 234:91–100.
14.
ShawGM, SchafferD, VelieEM, MorlandK, HarrisJA. Periconceptional vitamin use, dietary folate, and the occurrence of neural tube defects. Epidemiology, 1995; 6:219–226.
15.
BazzanoLA. Folic acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease: the state of the art. Am J Med Sci, 2009; 338:48–49.
16.
DuthieSJ. Folate and cancer: how DNA damage, repair and methylation impact on colon carcinogenesis. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2011; 34:101–109.
17.
FigueiredoJC, Grau M V, HaileRW, SandlerRS, SummersRW, BresalierRS, et al.Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2009; 101:432–435.
18.
HerrmannW, ObeidR. Causes and early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2008; 105:680–685.
19.
Kaidar-PersonO, PersonB, SzomsteinS, RosenthalRJ. Nutritional deficiencies in morbidly obese patients: a new form of malnutrition? Part B: minerals. Obes Surg, 2008; 18:1028–1034.
20.
AdachiY, YoshidaJ, KoderaY, KissT, JakuschT, EnyedyEA, et al.Oral administration of a zinc complex improves type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndromes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006; 351:165–170.
21.
GonzálezS, HuertaJM, Alvarez-UríaJ, FernándezS, PattersonAM, LasherasC. Serum selenium is associated with plasma homocysteine concentrations in elderly humans. J Nutr, 2004; 134:1736–1740.
22.
PittlerMH, ErnstE. Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr, 2004; 79:529–536.
23.
JeejeebhoyKN, ChuRC, MarlissEB, GreenbergGR, Bruce-RobertsonA. Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr, 1977; 30:531–538.
RayssiguierY, GueuxE, NowackiW, RockE, MazurA. High fructose consumption combined with low dietary magnesium intake may increase the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by inducing inflammation. Magnes Res, 2006; 19:237–243.
AasheimET, HofsøD, HjelmesaethJ, BirkelandKI, BøhmerT. Vitamin status in morbidly obese patients: a cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008; 87:362–369.
30.
FlancbaumL, BelsleyS, DrakeV, ColarussoT, TaylerE. Preoperative nutritional status of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. J Gastrointest Surg, 2006; 10:1033–1037.
31.
SteinEM, StrainG, SinhaN, OrtizD, PompA, DakinG, et al.Vitamin D insufficiency prior to bariatric surgery: risk factors and a pilot treatment study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf ), 2009; 71:176–183.
32.
SnijderMB, van DamRM, VisserM, DeegDJH, DekkerJM, BouterLM, et al.Adiposity in relation to vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels: a population-based study in older men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2005; 90:4119–4123.
KantAK. Reported consumption of low-nutrient-density foods by American children and adolescents: nutritional and health correlates, NHANES III, 1988 to 1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2003; 157:789–796.
35.
KantAK. Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods by adult Americans: nutritional and health implications. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000; 72:929–936.
36.
KellerKL, KirznerJ, PietrobelliA, St-OngeM-P, FaithMS. Increased sweetened beverage intake is associated with reduced milk and calcium intake in 3- to 7-year-old children at multi-item laboratory lunches. J Am Diet Assoc, 2009; 109:497–501.
37.
GillisLJ, KennedyLC, Bar-OrO. Overweight children reduce their activity levels earlier in life than healthy weight children. Clin J Sport Med, 2006; 16:51–55.
38.
WachsTD. Multiple influences on children's nutritional deficiencies: a systems perspective. Physiol Behav, 2008; 94:48–60.
39.
CominettiC, GarridoAB, CozzolinoSMF. Zinc nutritional status of morbidly obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a preliminary report. Obes Surg, 2006; 16:448–453.
40.
LonsdaleD. A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits of thiamin(e) and its derivatives. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2006; 3:49–59.
41.
ToikkaJO, AhotupaM, ViikariJS, NiinikoskiH, TaskinenM, IrjalaK, et al.Constantly low HDL-cholesterol concentration relates to endothelial dysfunction and increased in vivo LDL-oxidation in healthy young men. Atherosclerosis, 1999; 147:133–138.
42.
DavisBH, VucicA. The effect of retinol on Ito cell proliferation in vitro. Hepatology, 1988; 8:788–793.
43.
MadanAK, OrthWS, TichanskyDS, TernovitsCA. Vitamin and trace mineral levels after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Obes Surg, 2006; 16:603–606.
44.
IshikawaY, KudoH, KagawaY, SakamotoS. Increased plasma levels of zinc in obese adult females on a weight-loss program based on a hypocaloric balanced diet. In Vivo, 2005; 19:1035–1037.
45.
KimmonsJE, BlanckHM, TohillBC, ZhangJ, KhanLK. Associations between body mass index and the prevalence of low micronutrient levels among US adults. MedGenMed, 2006; 8:59.
46.
BuchwaldH, AvidorY, BraunwaldE, JensenMD, PoriesW, FahrbachK, et al.Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2004; 292:1724–1737.
47.
StockerDJ. Management of the bariatric surgery patient. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2003; 32:437–457.
48.
Vargas-RuizAG, Hernández-RiveraG, HerreraMF. Prevalence of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg, 2008; 18:288–293.
49.
AndersenT, McNairP, Fogh-AndersenN, NielsenTT, HyldstrupL, TransbølI. Increased parathyroid hormone as a consequence of changed complex binding of plasma calcium in morbid obesity. Metabolism, 1986; 35:147–151.
50.
KochTR, FinelliFC. Postoperative metabolic and nutritional complications of bariatric surgery. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2010; 39:109–124.
51.
ClementsRH, KatasaniVG, PalepuR, LeethRR, LeathTD, RoyBP, et al.Incidence of vitamin deficiency after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a university hospital setting. Am Surg, 2006; 72:1196–1202; discussion 1203–1204.
52.
LakhaniSV, ShahHN, AlexanderK, FinelliFC, KirkpatrickJR, KochTR. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and thiamine deficiency after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese patients. Nutr Res, 2008; 28:293–298.