The physiological relevance of contacts between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a specialized domain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in skeletal muscle, and mitochondria is still not clear.
Recent Advances:
An extensive close proximity of these two organelles is a late developmental event, which suggests that it does not have an essential function.
Critical Issues:
The intimate association of SR/mitochondria develops during murine postnatal differentiation and the recovery of denervated atrophic muscle, which suggests that this is a highly regulated process with a specific function. Analyses of mouse models for muscle diseases suggest that impaired ER/SR-mitochondrial contacts may be due to ER stress and lead to defective bioenergetics and insulin signaling.
Future Directions:
Future studies are necessary to identify the molecular determinants weakening insulin signaling upon impairment of ER/mitochondrial contacts in skeletal muscles as well as to analyze the distance between SR/ER and mitochondria in muscle diseases associated with ER stress.
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