Redox signaling is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes (cell cycle, gene transcription, calcium signaling, stress response, ischemia-reperfusion injury, etc.). However, its exact role in cell biology and physiology remains poorly understood, mostly due to the technical challenges that the experimenter faces while trying to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) or redox species with adequate specificity, spatial, and temporal accuracy. Recently, tremendous efforts have been put into the development of techniques for redox detection. This Forum focuses on ex and in vivo live-imaging of ROS and redox species using fluorescent dyes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 517–519.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
KerrRA. Imaging the activity of neurons and muscles (June2, 2006), WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.113.1, http://www.wormbook.org.
2.
MassaadCA and KlannE. Reactive oxygen species in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory. Antioxid Redox Signal, 14: 2013–2054, 2011.
3.
MullerFL. A critical evaluation of cpYFP as a probe for superoxide. Free Radic Biol Med, 47: 1779–180, 2009.
4.
PouvreauS. Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators. Biotechnol J, 9: 282–293, 2014.
5.
SchwarzländerM, DickTP, MeyerAJ, and MorganB. Dissecting redox biology using fluorescent protein sensors. Antioxid Redox Signal, 24: 680–712, 2016.
6.
SchwarzländerM, WagnerS, ErmakovaYG, BelousovVV, RadiR, BeckmanJS, BuettnerGR, DemaurexN, DuchenMR, FormanHJ, FrickerMD, GemsD, HalestrapAP, HalliwellB, JakobU, JohnstonIG, JonesNS, LoganDC, MorganB, MüllerFL, NichollsDG, RemingtonSJ, SchumackerPT, WinterbournCC, SweetloveLJ, MeyerAJ, DickTP, and MurphyMP. The “mitoflash” probe cpYFP does not respond to superoxide. Nature, 514: E12–E14, 2014.
7.
WangW, FangH, GroomL, ChengA, ZhangW, LiuJ, WangX, LiK, HanP, ZhengM, YinJ, WangW, MattsonMP, KaoJP, LakattaEG, SheuSS, OuyangK, ChenJ, DirksenRT, and ChengH. Superoxide flashes in single mitochondria. Cell, 134: 279–290, 2008.
