This study aimed to develop biocompatible lipid-mediated nootkatone (NK) essential oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using Gelucire® 44/14 and to evaluate their interaction with rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2) cells.
Methods:
Solid lipid-mediated NK essential oil-loaded SLNs were prepared using an ethanol injection technique, and the proper exploration of various physicochemical characteristics and cellular investigations was systematically performed. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, cellular uptake, stability, and cytotoxicity were evaluated, and the hemolytic effects were studied.
Results:
The prepared SLNs were found to be in the nano-size range <200 nm and had a negative surface charge with the desired monodispersity. The NK-loaded SLNs showed (1.05% ± 0.19%) drug loading with 74.51% ± 6.64% loading efficiency with almost complete release within 24 hours. SLNs showed a high intracellular uptake within 1 hour. Stability study showed that the formulation found to be stable till 30 days. Pretreatment with nontoxic concentrations of NK-loaded SLNs (1.953 μg/mL) significantly reduced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells induced by doxorubicin and showed a negligible hemolytic effect.
Conclusion:
Hence, it can be concluded that solid lipid-mediated NK essential-oil-loaded SLNs enhanced the stability, safety, and potency of NK, and it may be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It can be further explored in preclinical and clinical settings to evaluate its mechanism of action.
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