ShepardRN, SchockJ, RobertsonK, et al.: Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in different biological compartments. J Clin Microbiol, 2000; 38:1414–1418.
2.
ChakrabartiAK, CarusoL, DingM, et al.: Detection of HIV-1 RNA/DNA and CD4 mRNA in feces and urine from chronic HIV-1 infected subjects with and without anti-retroviral therapy. AIDS Res Ther, 2009; 6:20.
3.
BlasiM, CarpenterJH, BalakumaranB, CaraA, GaoF, KlotmanME: Identification of HIV-1 genitourinary tract compartmentalization by analyzing the env gene sequences in urine. AIDS, 2015; 29:1651–1657.
4.
CanaudG, Dejucq-RainsfordN, Avettand-FenoelV, et al.: The kidney as a reservoir for HIV-1 after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2014; 25:407–419.
5.
MarrasD, BruggemanLA, GaoF, et al.: Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. Nat Med, 2002; 8:522–526.
6.
ChenP, ChenBK, MosoianA, et al.: Virological synapses allow HIV-1 uptake and gene expression in renal tubular epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol Mar, 2011; 22:496–507.