Neither full length genomic sequence of CRF07_BC nor that of CRF08_BC was found in any other countries since they originated in Yunnan, China, in early 1990s. Here, we first report that CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC appeared among intravenous drug users in Shan state of Myanmar bordering Yunnan, and confirmed that they spread from China to Myanmar. The introduction of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC in northern Myanmar may forebode a changing subtype epidemic in Southeast Asia.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
PhanuphakN, LoYR, ShaoY, et al.: HIV epidemic in Asia: Implications for HIV vaccine and other prevention trials. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2015; 31:1060–1076.
2.
TakebeY, LiaoH, HaseS, et al.: Reconstructing the epidemic history of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC in East Asia: The relevance of genetic diversity and phylodynamics for vaccine strategies. Vaccine, 2010; 28:B39–B44.
3.
TeeKK, PybusOG, LiXJ, et al.: Temporal and spatial dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulating recombinant forms 08_BC and 07_BC in Asia. J Virol, 2008; 82:9206–9215.
4.
HeX, XingH, RuanY, et al.: A comprehensive mapping of HIV-1 genotypes in various risk groups and regions across China based on a nationwide molecular epidemiologic survey. PLoS One, 2012; 7:e47289.
5.
ChenY, LanYC, LaiSF, et al.: HIV-1 CRF07_BC infections, injecting drug users, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis, 2006; 12:703–705.
6.
YangR, XiaX, KusagawaS, et al.: On-going generation of multiple forms of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in the Yunnan Province of China. AIDS, 2002; 16:1401–1407.
7.
HanX, AnM, ZhaoB, et al.: High prevalence of HIV-1 intersubtype B′/C recombinants among injecting drug users in Dehong, China. PLoS One, 2013; 8:e65337.
8.
LiuJ, ZhangC: Phylogeographic analyses reveal a crucial role of Xinjiang in HIV-1 CRF07_BC and HCV 3a transmissions in Asia. PLoS One, 2011; 6:e23347.
9.
PangW, ZhangC, DuoL, et al.: Extensive and complex HIV-1 recombination between B′, C and CRF01_AE among IDUs in south-east Asia. AIDS, 2012; 26:1121–1129.
10.
YangR, KusagawaS, ZhangC, et al.: Identification and characterization of a new class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinants comprised of two circulating recombinant forms, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, in China. J Virol, 2003; 77:685–695.
11.
GuoH, GuoD, WeiJF, et al.: First detection of a novel HIV Type 1 CRF01_AE/07_BC recombinant among an epidemiologically linked cohort of IDUs in Jiangsu, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2009; 25:463–467.
12.
DongZ, ShenZ, XiongR, et al.: Near full-length genomic characterization of a novel HIV type 1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant form transmitted between a heterosexual couple in Guangxi, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2016; 32:689–693.
13.
ChenL, YangS, LiJ, et al.: Near full-length genomic characterization of a novel HIV type 1 CRF07_ BC/CRF08_ BC recombinant strain from Yunnan, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2011; 27:693–699.
14.
BeyrerC, RazakMH, LisamK, et al.: Overland heroin trafficking routes and HIV-1 spread in south and south-east Asia. AIDS, 2000; 14:75–83.
