Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze recent infections and the molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among different risk groups since the outbreak of circulating recombinant form CRF07_BC among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in 2004 in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the env and pol fragment sequences amplified from these specimens. The BED IgG capture incidence EIA (BED-CEIA assay) was used to determine recent infections. Among the 683 HIV-1-positive individuals enrolled between 2007 and 2009, 394 (57.7%) were subtype B, 260 (38.1%) were CRF07_BC, 26 (3.8%) were CRF01_AE, two (0.3%) were CRF08_BC, and one (0.1%) was CRF06_cpx. While the percentage of CRF07_BC decreased (58.5–17.9%, p < 0.001) from 2007 to 2009, the percentage of subtype B increased (37.6% to 74.9%, p < 0.001). A concordant decrease in the proportion of recent infections to new infections among IDUs (63.6% to 9.8%, p < 0.001), accompanied with an increase of the proportion of recent infections in MSM (men having sex with men) (22.4–67.1%, p = 0.77) and heterosexual groups (13.1– 23.2%, p = 0.852), was observed. The decrease in CRF07_BC infections and the reduction in the proportion of recent infections among IDUs reflected the success of harm reduction strategies initiated by the government in 2005.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Weniger

, Takebe

, Ou

et al. The molecular epidemiology of HIV in Asia. AIDS, 1994; 8,Suppl 2:S13–28.

Chuang

, Chang

, Lin

. AIDS in the Republic of China, 1992. Clin Infect Dis, 1993; 17,Suppl 2:S337–340.

Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. HIV/AIDS data. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov.tw/public/Attachment/0461675471.xls.

Lan

, Elbeik

, Dileanis

et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistant strains in Taiwan. J Med Virol, 2008; 80,2:183–191.

Chen

, Kuo

. HIV-1 in Taiwan. Lancet, 2007; 369,9562:623–625.

Chang

, Sheng

, Lee

et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 subtypes in Taiwan: Outbreak of HIV type 1 CRF07_BC infection in intravenous drug users. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2006; 22,11:1055–1066.

Chen

, Lan

, Lai

et al. HIV-1 CRF07_BC infections, injecting drug users, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis, 2006; 12,4:703–705.

Lin

, Shih

, Liu

et al. An epidemic of HIV type I CRF07_BC infection among injection drug users in Taiwan. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr., 2006; 42,2:248–255.

Central Asia. Several HIV outbreaks linked to transfusions of tainted blood and poor sanitary conditions in hospitals. HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev, 2007; 12,2-3:57–58.

10.

Yang

, Yang

, Shen

et al. The changing epidemiology of prevalent diagnosed HIV infections in Taiwan, 1984–2005. Int J Drug Policy, 2008; 19,4:317–323.

11.

Parekh

, Kennedy

, Dobbs

et al. Quantitative detection of increasing HIV type 1 antibodies after seroconversion: A simple assay for detecting recent HIV infection and estimating incidence. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2002; 18,4:295–307.

12.

Dobbs

, Kennedy

, Pau

et al. Performance characteristics of the immunoglobulin G-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay, an assay to detect recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion. J Clin Microbiol, 2004; 42,6:2623–2628.

13.

Thompson

, Higgins

, Gibson

. CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res, 1994; 22,22:4673–4680.

14.

Tamura

, Dudley

, Nei

, Kumar

. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol, 2007; 24,8:1596–1599.

15.

Felsenstein

. PHYLIP—Phylogeny Inference Package (Version 3.2) Cladistics, 1989; 5:164–166.

16.

Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. HIV/AIDS data. 2010. http://www.cdc.gov.tw/public/Attachment/01612104271.xls.

17.

Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Taiwan Government's Responses to HIV/AIDS. 2007. http://www.cdc.gov.tw/content.asp?CuItem = 7424.

18.

Chen

, Huang

, Jen

et al. Temporal trends and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in Taiwan from 1988 to 1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2001; 26,3:274–282.

19.

Lin

, Lan

, Chen

et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and full-length genomic analysis of circulating recombinant form 07_BC strains from injection drug users in Taiwan. J Infect Dis, 2007; 195,9:1283–1293.

20.

Chen

, Huang

, Chuang

et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtype B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC infection among injection drug users in Taiwan. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2010; 53,4:425–439.

Surveillance of HIV Type 1 Recent Infection and Molecular Epidemiology Among Different Risk Behaviors Between 2007 and 2009 After the HIV Type 1 CRF07_BC Outbreak in Taiwan

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References