DayCL, KaufmannDE, KiepielaPet al.PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression. Nature, 2006; 443:350–354.
2.
D'SouzaM, FontenotAP, MackDGet al.Programmed death 1 expression on HIV-specific CD4+ T cells is driven by viral replication and associated with T cell dysfunction. J Immunol, 2007; 179:1979–1987.
3.
JonesRB, NdhlovuLC, BarbourJDet al.Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med, 2008; 205:2763–2779.
4.
TrautmannL, JanbazianL, ChomontNet al.Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction. Nat Med, 2006; 12:1198–1202.
5.
PetrovasC, CasazzaJP, BrenchleyJMet al.PD-1 is a regulator of virus-specific CD8+ T cell survival in HIV infection. J Exp Med, 2006; 203:2281–2292.
6.
HaflerDA, KuchrooV. TIMs: central regulators of immune responses. J Exp Med, 2008; 205:2699–2701.
7.
Golden-MasonL, PalmerBE, KassamNet al.Negative immune regulator Tim-3 is overexpressed on T cells in hepatitis C virus infection and its blockade rescues dysfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. J Virol, 2009; 83:9122–9130.
8.
ChampagneP, OggGS, KingASet al.Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. Nature, 2001; 410:106–111.
9.
BrenchleyJM, KarandikarNJ, BettsMRet al.Expression of CD57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD8+ T cells. Blood, 2003; 101:2711–2720.
10.
ZhuC, AndersonAC, SchubartAet al.The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. Nat Immunol, 2005; 6:1245–1252.
