Traditional Thermal Therapy with Indirect Moxibustion Decreases Renal Arterial Resistive Index in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the immediate effects of traditional local thermal therapy with indirect moxibustion on renal hemodynamics in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using Doppler ultrasonography (US).

Design:

Examiner-blinded crossover study.

Participants:

Forty-three participants with CKD (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 44 ± 15 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 69.5 ± 25.5 mL/min per 1.73 m²; 20 men and 23 women).

Intervention:

Participants received three successive treatment sessions of indirect moxibustion bilaterally at BL 23, a crucial acupuncture point, in the session. In the control session, the examiner was blinded by using smoke and aroma produced by moxibustion performed in an ashtray placed near the patient's body.

Outcome measures:

The main outcome measure was resistive index (RI) in the renal segmental arteries. Blood flow parameters, including RI, were measured for six renal segmental arteries by using Doppler US at rest (baseline), immediately after completion of moxibustion (post 1), and 10 minutes later (post 2). Adverse events were monitored during intervention.

Results:

In the control session, RI at post 1 (median [first, third quartile]: 0.587 [0.562, 0.626]) and post 2 (0.583 [0.567, 0.629]) did not change significantly compared with baseline (0.592 [0.563, 0.636]), while in the treatment session, RI at post 1 (0.565 [0.530, 0.618]) and post 2 (0.561 [0.533, 0.614]) decreased significantly compared with baseline (0.590 [0.550, 0.652]) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The reduction in RI from baseline to post 2 in treatment session was significantly greater than in control session (mean ± SD, −0.026 ± 0.028 versus −0.003 ± 0.028; mean difference, −0.023 [95% confidence interval, −0.036 to −0.010]; p = 0.001]. No adverse events, such as burns, were observed during the study period.

Conclusion:

Renal vascular resistance was decreased after indirect moxibustion therapy in patients with CKD.