Adiponectin,Interleukin-6,and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Are Modified by a Short-Term Yoga-Based Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Men
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online May, 2013
Adiponectin,Interleukin-6,and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Are Modified by a Short-Term Yoga-Based Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Men
To investigate the effect of a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and markers of inflammation and endothelial function in overweight and obese men.
Design:
Nonrandomized prospective lifestyle intervention study with pre–post design.
Setting and location:
Integral Health Clinic, an outpatient facility providing yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for prevention and management of chronic diseases.
Subjects:
Overweight and obese men (n=51) were enrolled in the study. Subjects who were physically unable to participate and those participating in other interventions were excluded from the study.
Intervention:
A pretested intervention program including asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), group discussions, lectures, and individualized advice.
Outcome measures:
The primary outcome measure was weight loss, and the secondary outcome measures were clinical and laboratory correlates of CVD risk, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and endothelin-1 (ET-1).
Results:
Men (n=51, body mass index [BMI] 26.26±2.42 kg/m2) were enrolled and underwent a yoga-based lifestyle intervention for 10 days. Of 51 subjects, 30 completed the study. There was a significant reduction in weight from Baseline to Day 10 (74.60±7.98, 72.69±8.37 kg, p<0.001, respectively), BMI (26.26±2.42, 25.69±2.47 kg/m2, p<0.001, respectively), and systolic BP (121.73±11.58, 116.73±9.00, p=0.042, respectively). There was a significant reduction in plasma IL-6 from Baseline to Day 10 (median 2.24 vs. 1.26 pg/mL, respectively, p=0.012). There was a significant increase in the plasma adiponectin from Baseline to Day 10 (median 4.95 vs. 6.26 μg/mL, respectively, p=0.014). Plasma ET-1 level remained unchanged.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that even a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention may be an important modality to reduce the risk for CVD as indicated by weight loss, reduction in systolic blood pressure, an increase in adiponectin, and decrease in IL-6 in overweight and obese men.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Prospective Studies Collaboration. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet, 2009; 373:1083–1096.
2.
DasUN. Obesity, metabolic syndrome X, and inflammation. Nutrition, 2002; 18:430–432.
3.
BastardJP, MaachiM, Van NhieuJTet al.Adipose tissue IL-6 content correlates with resistance to insulin activation of glucose uptake both in vivo and in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2002; 87:2084–2089.
4.
FriedSK, BunkinDA, GreenbergAS. Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998; 83:847–850.
5.
OkazakiS, FurukadoS, AbeYet al.Association of inflammatory markers and carotid intima-media thickness with the risk of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2010; 30:180–187.
6.
TanJ, HuaQ, LiJ, FanZ. Prognostic value of interleukin-6 during a 3-year follow-up in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Heart Vessels, 2009; 24:329–334.
7.
EmpanaJP, JouvenX, Canouï-PoitrineFet al.C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, fibrinogen and risk of sudden death in European middle-aged men: the PRIME study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2010; 30:2047–2052.
8.
RidkerPM. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation, 2003; 107:363–369.
ChanDC, WattsGF, NgTWet al.Adiponectin and other adipocytokines as predictors of markers of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Clin Chem, 2005; 51:578–585.
11.
Mohamed-AliV, GoodrickS, RaweshAet al.Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997; 82:4196–4200.
12.
MassiéraF, Bloch-FaureM, CeilerDet al.Adipose angiotensinogen is involved in adipose tissue growth and blood pressure regulation. FASEB J, 2001; 15:2727–2729.
13.
HopkinsTA, OuchiN, ShibataR, WalshK. Adiponectin actions in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res, 2007; 74:11–18.
14.
GoldsteinBJ, ScaliaR. Adiponectin: a novel adipokine linking adipocytes and vascular function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2004; 89:2563–2568.
15.
OuchiN, KiharaS, AritaYet al.Adiponectin and adipocyte derived plasma protein, inhibits endothelial NF-kappa B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Circulation, 2000; 102:1296–1301.
16.
ChenH, MontagnaniM, FunahashiTet al.Adiponectin stimulates production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem, 2003; 45:45021–45026.
17.
BusseyCT, KolkaCM, RattiganS, RichardsSM. Adiponectin opposes endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction in the perfused rat hindlimb. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2011; 301,1:H79–86.
18.
KatherineE, AlessandroP, CarmenDPet al.Effect of weight loss and life style changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women. JAMA, 2003; 289:1799–1804.
ZeiherAM, GoebelH, SchächingerV, IhlingC. Tissue endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in the active coronary atherosclerotic plaque. A clue to the mechanism of increased vasoreactivity of the culprit lesion in unstable angina. Circulation, 1995; 91:941–947.
21.
LermanA, EdwardsBS, HallettJWet al.Circulating and tissue endothelin reactivity in advanced atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med, 1991; 325:997–1001.
22.
PischonT, GirmanCJ, HotamisligilGSet al.Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men. JAMA, 2004; 291:1730–1737.
23.
BijlaniRL, VempatiRP, YadavRKet al.A brief but comprehensive lifestyle education program based on yoga reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. J Altern Complement Med, 2005; 11:267–274.
24.
MahajanAS, ReddyKS, SachdevaU. Lipid profile of coronary risk subjects following yogic lifestyle intervention. Indian Heart J, 1999; 51:37–40.
25.
DamodaranA, MalathiA, PatilNet al.therapeutic potential of yoga practices in modifying cardiovascular risk profiles in middle aged men and women. J Assoc Phy Ind, 2002; 50:633–640.
26.
WolkR, BergerP, LennonRJet al.Association between plasma adiponectin levels and unstable coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J, 2007; 28:292–298.
27.
MishraA, ChowbeyA, MakkarBMet al.Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management. J Assoc Phys India, 2009; 57:161–170.
28.
YadavRK, MaganD, MehtaNet al.Efficacy of a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in reducing stress and inflammation: preliminary results. J Altern Complement Med, 2012; 18:662–667.
29.
PopkoK, GorskaE, Stelmaszczyk-EmmelAet al.Proinflammatory cytokines Il-6 and TNF-α and the development of inflammation in obese subjects. Eur J Med Res, 2010; 15,Suppl 2:120–122.
30.
YudkinJS, KumariM, HumphriesSE, Mohamed-AliV. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link?Atherosclerosis, 2000; 148:209–214.
31.
LangenbergC, BergstromJ, Scheidt-NaveCet al.Cardiovascular death and the metabolic syndrome: role of adiposity-signaling hormones and inflammatory markers. Diabetes Care, 2006; 29:1363–1369.
32.
BougouliaM, TriantosA, KoliakosG. Plasma interleukin-6 levels, glutathione peroxidase and isoprostane in obese women before and after weight loss. Association with cardiovascular risk factors. Hormones (Athens), 2006; 5:192–199.
33.
VillarealDT, MillerBV3rd, BanksMet al.Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolic coronary heart disease risk factors in obese older adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 2006; 84:1317–1323.
34.
YatesT, DaviesMJ, GorelyTet al.The effect of increased ambulatory activity on markers of chronic low-grade inflammation: evidence from the PREPARE programme randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med, 2010; 27:1256–1263.
35.
ChristiansenT, PaulsenSK, BruunJMet al.Exercise training versus diet-induced weight-loss on metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers in obese subjects: a 12-week randomized intervention study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2010; 298:E824–831.
36.
BauneBT, RothermundtM, LadwigKHet al.Systemic inflammation (Interleukin 6) predicts all-cause mortality in men: results from a 9-year follow-up of the MEMO Study. Age (Dordr), 2011; 33:209–217.
37.
SchulzeMB, ShaiI, RimmEBet al.Adiponectin and future coronary heart disease events among men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 2005; 54:534–539.
38.
OuchiN, OhishiM, KiharaSet al.Association of hypoadiponectinemia with impaired vasoreactivity. Hypertension, 2003; 42:231–234.
IglsederB, MackevicsV, StadlmayerAet al.Plasma adiponectin levels and sonographic phenotypes of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis: data from the SAPHIR Study. Stroke, 2005; 36:2577–2582.
41.
DunajskaK, MilewiczA, JedrzejukDet al.Plasma adiponectin concentration in relation to severity of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men. Endocrine, 2004; 25:215–221.
42.
ChujoD, YagiK, AsanoAet al.Telmisartan treatment decreases visceral fat accumulation and improves serum levels of adiponectin and vascular inflammation markers in Japanese hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res, 2007; 30:1205–1210.
43.
PrabhakaranD, ShahP, ChaturvediVet al.Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence among men in a large industry of northern India. Natl Med J India, 2005; 18:59–65.
