Generation of a Monoclonal Antibody to a Cryptic Site Common to Both Integrin β1 as Well as Gelatinase MMP9

Abstract

Integrins are one class of cell surface receptors that have been implicated in the regulation of a diverse set of cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and invasion as well as gene expression, differentiation, and signal transduction. Cellular invasion not only requires the adhesive properties of integrins but also the proteolytic properties of matrix-degrading enzymes, such as the metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previous studies have shown that integrin αvβ3 is a receptor for MMP2, localizing its proteinase activity to the cell surface, ultimately leading to site-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Here we develop reagents to investigate the possibility of an interplay between MMP9 and integrin α5β1. With the use of EV22 viral studies, the tetrapeptide sequence, LRSG, was shown to be a dimerizing sequence mediating β1 integrin binding to EV22. The same study also showed that cellular infection could be halted with the use of LRSG-containing peptides. In a later study, in an effort to isolate inhibitors of the MMP family, LRSG sequence was identified as one capable of binding MMP9. Interestingly, MMP9 contains an LRSG sequence, raising the possibility that MMP9 binds the cell surface via β1 integrins through the dimerizing LRSG motif. We used the LRSG-containing sequence from β1 integrins as an antigen to generate the monoclonal antibody (MAB) FM155 in the mouse model. MAB FM155 will help identify a cryptic epitope, LRSG, and its role in matrix remodeling as well as tumor growth, cancer cell migration, and angiogenesis.