Periareolar Mammaplasty for Treatment of Gynecomastia with Breast Ptosis and Excess Skin

Abstract

Many surgical techniques have been proposed for the treatment of gynecomastia with excess skin. Most of them leave long, visible scars, and do not always elevate the nipple–areola complex. The use of periareolar mammaplasty associated with inferior or superior pedicle flaps embodying the areola has the objectives of elevating the nipple–areola complex and removing excess skin and adipoglandular tissue. Permanent periareolar circling is applied to prevent late widening of the nipple–areola complex. The final scar is circular and around the periphery of the areola. The procedure is described, including postoperative evolution and results.