Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Effects of a Six-Base Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide with Anticancer and Hematopoietic Activities in Swine

Abstract

A short phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide telomere mimic with the sequence 5'-d(TTAGGG)3', TAG-6, has been shown to inhibit telomerase activity and have antineoplastic and hematopoietic stimulatory properties. In this study, three immature male domestic swine (weighing approximately 40 kg) were administered 200 mg/m2 of TAG-6 by continuous intravascular infusion at rates of 0.48 ± 0.07 mg/hr for 14 days to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and tissue distribution. There was considerable variability (both within each animal and across animals) observed in the pharmacokinetic data. The plasma half-life ( t_S1/2 appeared to be short enough that it could be assumed that steady state was attained by at least 96 h after the start of the infusion. The t_1/2 estimates for the three pigs were 8.96, 109, and 1.97 h (the long t_1/2 for pig 2 may be explained by poor parameter estimation due to the variability). The volume of distribution ranged from 9.80 to 51.8 L(0.3–1.4 L/kg), and plasma clearance estimates ranged from 0.33 to 3.46 L/h (5.5–57.7 ml/min). The average plasma concentrations at steady state were 0.845, 0.933, and 0.178 mu g/ml (0.44, 0.49, and 0.093 muM) for the three animals. Nearly 30% of the administered dose was cleared through renal excretion by day 7 postinfusion. The distribution of TAG-6 was primarily to the liver and kidney, but the spleen and thyroid accumulated relatively high concentrations of TAG-6. TAG-6 was metabolized to apparently higher molecular weight products, which were observed in the urine. The size periodicity of these apparently higher molecular weight products was in 6-base intervals, which is consistent with the actions of telomerase. The infusion did not produce significant changes in scrum chemistry or circulating blood cells, but a decrease in colony-forming unit–granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM) colony formation from BM was observed. These data suggest that TAG-6 may be a very specific pharmacophore.