Laparoscopic Implantation of Swan Neck Presternal Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters

Abstract

The swan neck presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter provides an alternative location from which a catheter can exit the skin when an abdominal site is not suitable. The exit site is in the upper anterior chest. The presternal catheter was designed for patients who would not ordinarily be considered for peritoneal dialysis because of body habitus, presence of stomas, or urinary-fecal incontinence. In its original design, the catheter can be implanted only by open dissection. We present a modification of the catheter system and describe an operative technique in which the catheter can be inserted laparoscopically. Eight patients underwent laparoscopic implantation of presternal catheters by this technique. During follow-up ranging from 2.9 to 12.4 months (average, 5.3 months), no instances of catheter dysfunction, leakage around the cannula, hernia, or loss secondary to infection occurred. We foresee greater use of the swan neck presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter once surgeons become more familiar with its ease of insertion and if the device can be made available as a single-package system compatible with laparoscopic implantation.