Physical and Sexual Abuse in the Lives of HIV-Positive Women Enrolled in a Primary Medicine Health Maintenance Organization

Abstract

Over the past several years, the proportion of all cases of AIDS in the United States among adult and adolescent women has more than tripled from 7% in 1985 to 23% in 1998. Information obtained in the present study suggests that care providers need to be aware of the unique life circumstances of women with AIDS, which may predispose them to a number of negative health and mental health outcomes. Charts of the first 100 women enrolled in an intensive home-based primary medical HMO for people with advanced HIV/AIDS were examined retrospectively for evidence of trauma. Results from a chart review and nursing care assessments of these patients revealed that women with HIV/AIDS were significantly more likely to have had traumatic life experiences compared to the larger population [as measured in a National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)]. In this study, one-half of the patients reported a lifetime history of sexual assault compared to 9% of the general population, one-third reported a history of incest compared to 12% in the NCS, and 83% reported significant physical abuse compared to 4% in the NCS. Such traumatic life experiences are frequently associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, substance abuse, and possible nonadherence to health care. Providers of AIDS care need to be aware of the complex mental health and psychosocial needs of traumatized women with AIDS and make better use of collateral mental health providers and consultation. The ways in which this particular sample of women may be nonrepresentative of women living with AIDS, in general, including the observation that they may be a particularly traumatized and challenging cohort, and other limitations of the data, including the methods used for chart review, are discussed.