Influence of Vitamin C Supplementation on Cytokine Changes Following an Ultramarathon

Abstract

The influence of vitamin C supplementation on the pattern of change in plasma cytokine concentrations was measured in 29 runners following a 90-km ultramarathon. The study was based on a 3 (groups) by 4(blood samples at 16 prerace, postrace, and 24 h and 48 h postrace) repeated measures design. Groups included placebo control (n = 7) and two groups supplementing vitamin C at 500 mg/day (vit C-500,n = 10) or 1500 mg/day (vit C-1500, n = 12) for 7 days before the race, on race day, and for 2 days after the race. All measured plasma cytokine concentrations were significantly elevated immediately postrace, with the magnitude of increase for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) much smaller than for IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RA). Cortisol increased in all groups immediately after the race but significantly less in the vit C-1500 group. Group × time interaction statistics were not significant for any of the plasma cytokines. However, when the placebo and vit C-500 groups were combined (n = 17) and compared with the vit C-1500 group (n = 12), immediate postrace plasma concentrations were significantly lower in the vit C-1500 group for IL-IRA (-57%) and IL-10 (-57%), with a trend measured for IL-6 (-27%, p = 0.11) and IL-8 (-26%, p = 0.14). In summary, runners completing the 90-km Comrades Ultramarathon experienced strong increases in concentrations of plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-IRA, and IL-8. These increases were attenuated in runners ingesting 1500 mg but not 500 mg vitamin C supplements for 1 week prior to the race and on race day.