Homocysteine: A Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Subclinical Hypothyroidism?

Abstract

The role of homocysteine as a causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Moderately elevated total plasma homocysteine levels have been reported in patients with overt hypothyroidism, a condition that is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, subclinical hypothyroidism has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women. Therefore, we measured prospectively total fasting plasma homocysteine levels in 37 consecutive subjects (6 males, 31 females, mean age 50 ± 18 standard deviation [SD] years) with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism at baseline and after 3-4 months of levothyroxine supplementation. During levothyroxine treatment concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH) decreased from 10.1 ± 5.8 (SD) to 1.5 ± 1.8 mU/L. Fasting total plasma homocysteine levels were not elevated at baseline (9.9 ± 2.9 μmol/L) and remained unchanged (9.6 ± 3.5 μmol/L) after levothyroxine treatment. Serum folate or vitamin B₁₂ levels also remained unchanged. We conclude that subclinical hypothyroidism is not associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Levothyroxine supplementation has no influence on total plasma homocysteine levels in subclinical hypothyroidism. Hence, total plasma homocysteine does not appear to contribute to the increased risk for atherosclerotic disease and myocardial infarction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.