Surgical Treatment of Hyperthyroidism: A Ten-Year Experience

Abstract

Hyperthyroidism is treated either by antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (I¹³¹) or surgery. In Sweden, surgery is often performed in patients with large goiter or severe hyperthyroidism with infiltrative endocrine ophthalmopathy. To evaluate indications and results of surgical treatment, data from 380 patients operated on for hyperthyroidism at our department during 1986-1995 were analyzed. Twenty-six percent were referred for surgery because of failure of treatment with antithyroid drugs or I¹³¹. Ninety-one percent were subjected to subtotal thyroidectomy with a median remnant weight of less than 2 g. In the remaining patients, total thyroidectomy was performed. Transient vocal cord affection occurred in 2.6%, none of which was permanent. Prolonged post-operative hypocalcemia occurred in 3.1%, and permanent hypoparathyroidism in 1%. There was no difference in complication rate between subtotal or total thyroidectomy. In patients with Graves' disease, 5% worsened with regard to ophthalmopathy initially after surgery but later improved. Recurrent disease occurred in 2% of the patients, all of whom had undergone subtotal thyroidectomy. Surgery is not first-line therapy in all patients with hyperthyroidism. However, in experienced hands, surgery is a good therapeutic alternative that can be carried out with no mortality, few complications, and, provided that a minimal remnant is left, very few recurrences.