Extent of Myocardial Tissue Damage During Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization with the CO 2 Heart Laser ®

Abstract

Objective and Background

: Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) is the only surgical treatment for patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease, who are not candidates for bypass grafting or percutaneous angioplasty. However, vaporization of tissue during the creation of channels leads to a certain loss of viable myocardium during every TMR procedure.

Methods

: We analyzed serum levels of creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB subtype in 163 patients after sole TMR with a CO₂ laser (wave length 10.6 μm, 800-watt power). The control group consisted of 35 consecutive CABG patients and 30 consecutive redo-CABG patients. Additionally, in the TMR group we measured echocardiographically the left ventricular ejection fraction before and after TMR. We recorded the total amount of laser energy applied, average and maximum energy per channel, and the number of created channels, in order to calculate the correlation between these parameters and postoperative enzyme levels or changes in the LVEF.

Results

: After TMR, we measured higher creatine kinase levels compared to those in CABG patients (607.8 ± 558.4 U/L vs. 285.0 ± 292.3 U/L, p< 0.01). The relative proportion of CK-MB of total CK, however, was significantly lower after TMR, compared to that of the control group (4.5 ± 3.0% vs. 10.1 ± 6.4%, p < 0.01). Patients with a pronounced postoperative increase in CK-MB levels or a higher percentage of CK-MB of total CK also after TMR operations show a decline in left ventricular contractility. In the laser group, the maximum enzyme levels were detected significantly later than in the control group (25.0 ± 19.4 h postoperatively vs. 8.7 ± 9.1 h, p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the technical laser parameters or the number of created channels and the percentage of CK-MB of total CK or changes in left ventricular ejection fraction.

Conclusions

: CO₂ laser TMR does not result in significant injury to the myocardium. Cardiac enzymes play an important role in the detection of perioperative myocardial infarction in TMR patients.