Abstract
The authors present a rare case of bilateral hydrothoraces after ovulation induction in vitro fertilization and review the etiology and management of such cases. The patient, a 33-year-old G2, P0 woman with a 10-year history of infertility, underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer at the authors' institution. She experienced abdominal tenderness, dyspnea, and a dry cough 2 days after treatment commenced. Transvaginal and transabdominal sonography showed bilateral ovarian enlargement and no ascites. Chest roentgenograms revealed a moderate right hydrothorax and a small left hydrothorax. Thoracocentesis was performed because of severe dyspnea. Pleural fluid investigations showed that she was free of infection, collagen vascular disease, tuberculosis, and malignancy. Pigtail drains were inserted and remained in place for 6 days. A total of 3,400 ml of transudate fluid was drained. The patient was discharged without complications. Most hydrothoraces in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome resolve spontaneously without treatment, but thoracocentesis is necessary in the event of respiratory distress.
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