Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Phase separation in unreinforced reactive blends has been studied using a variety of experimental techniques. A brief review of such studies is given, followed by a detailed description of the theory and practical applications of the new technique of dynamic dielectric analysis, DDA, as used in this context. Methods of data analysis and the extent of information available from in situ, real-time, measurements by dynamic dielectric analysis are illustrated by examples of results on model blends of simple epoxy/hardener mixtures with CTBN or POP rubber, or thermoplastic PES or PMMA. Deliberate ion doping is shown to enhance the phase separation features in the dielectric signal. Data are also presented on complex commercial thermoset/thermoplastic blends utilized as the resin matrices in carbon fibre pre-preg systems. Phase separation in a blend of epoxy and thermoplastic PEI can be studied by DDA within a glass fibre composite; this presents no additional difficulty compared with the studies of the corresponding unreinforced blend.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

[1] Peng X and Gillham J K 1985 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30 4685-4685

[2] Manzione L T , Gillham J K and McPherson C A 1981 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 26 889-889

[3] Verchère D , Sautereau H , Pascault J P , Moschiar S M , Riccardi C C and Williams R J J 1990 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 41 467-467

[4] Moschiar S M , Riccardi C C , Williams R J J , Verchère D , Sautereau H and Pascault J P 1991 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 42 717-717

[5] Bucknall C B and Partridge I K 1983 Polymer 24 639-639

[6] Raghava R S 1983 SAMPE Symp. (28th National SAMPE Meeting, 12–14 April, 1983) pp 367–373

[7] Bucknall C B and Partridge I K 1986 Polym. Eng. Sci. 26 54-54

[8] Yamanaka K and Inoue T 1990 J. Mater. Sci. 25 241-241

[9] Kim B S , Chiba T and Inoue T 1985 Polymer 36 67-67

10.

[10] Elliniadis S , Higgins J S , Choudhery R A and Jenkins S D 1994 Proc. POLYMAT’94 (IoM Conference, London, 19–22 September) pp 479–482

11.

[11] Turmel D, Partridge I K and Wells G M 1993 Proc. Deformation and Fracture of Composites II (IoM, DFCII, 29–31 March 1993) p 28–28

12.

[12] Wongchanapiboon T 1992 PhD Thesis Cranfield University

13.

[13] Maistros G M and Partridge I K 1995 Comp. Sci. Technol. 53 355-355

14.

[14] Cole K S and Cole R H 1941 J. Chem. Phys. 9 341-341

15.

[15] Maistros G M and Bucknall C B 1994 Polym. Eng. Sci. 34 1517-1517

16.

[16] Lee H and Neville K 1967 Handbook of Epoxy Resins (New York: McGraw-Hill)

17.

[17] Maxwell I D and Pethrick R A 1983 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 28 2363-2363

18.

[18] Korkakas G , Gomez C M and Bucknall C B 1993 Plast. Rubber Compos. Process. Appl. 19 285-285

19.

[19] Maistros G M , Block H , Bucknall C B and Partridge I K 1992 Polymer 33 4470-4470

20.

[20] Day D R , Lewis T J , Lee H L and Senturia S D 1985 J. Adhesion 18 73-73

21.

[21] Maxwell J C 1892 Electricity and Magnetism vol 1 (Oxford: Clarendon) p 452–452

22.

[22] Wagner K W 1914 Arch. Electrotech. 2 371-371

23.

[23] Sillars R W 1937 J. Instrum. Electr. Eng. 80 378-378

24.

[24] von Hippel A H 1954 Dielectrics and Waves (New York: Wiley)

25.

[25] van BeekLKH 1967 Prog. Dielect. 7 69-69

26.

[26] North A M , Pethrick R A and Wilson A D 1978 Polymer 19 913-913

27.

[27] Bartnikas R and Eichorn R M 1982 Engineering Dielectrics: Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials (ASTM Special Technical Publication 783) vol 11A, ch 1

28.

[28] MacKinnon A J , Jenkins S D , McGrail P T and Pethrick R A 1992 Macromolecules 25 3492-3492

29.

[29] Delides C G , Hayward D , Pethrick R A and Vatalis A S 1992 Eur. Polym. J. 28 505-505

30.

[30] Maistros G M 1991 PhD Thesis Cranfield University

31.

[31] Maistros G M, Antonsen G A , Partridge I K and Cracknell J G 1995 Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Automated Composites (IoM, ICAC’95, 6–7 September 1995)

32.

[32] Taboury L 1992 MSc Thesis Cranfield University

33.

[33] Mondragon I , Quintard I and Bucknall C B 1995 Plast. Rubber Compos. Process. Appl. 23 331-331

34.

[34] Bucknall C B , Maistros G , Gomez C M and Partridge I K 1993 Macromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 70/71 255-255

35.

[35] Vinh-Tung C , Boiteux G , Seytre G , Lachenal G and Chabert B 1994 Proc. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 47-47

36.

[36] Turmel D unpublished data

Phase Separation in Thermosetting Blends Studied by Dynamic Dielectric Analysis

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References