The paper reviews systematically studies dealing with the identification of clusters and complexes, or of groups of industries linked by flows of goods and services, or showing significant mutual locational attraction. The studies are classified according to the method used for identification, and to their spatial focus. Some 60 types of industrial groupings have been found to exist by the various students of spatial aggregation of industries but many showed only small differences in their sectoral composition. The similarity of results despite the diversity of methods used, degree of sectoral disaggregation, and areas examined was striking. A set of tables comparing the findings is presented along with a detailed analysis of methods and results.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ablas, L.A. (1973). Le multiplicateur multi-sectoriel et le processus de developpment regional. Doctoral dissertation, Aix Marseille University.
2.
Alperovich, G., Bergsman, J., and Ehemann, C. (1975). An econometric model of employment growth in U.S. metropolitan areas. Environment and Planning, Vol. 7: 833-862.
3.
Beckmann, M. (1968). Location Theory. London: Random House.
4.
Bergsman, J., Greenston, P., and Healy, R. (1972). The agglomeration process in urban growth. UrbanStudies, Vol. 9: 263-288.
5.
Bergsman, J., Greenston, P., and Healy, R. (1975). A classification of economic activities based on location patterns. Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 2: 1-28.
6.
Boudeville, J.R. (1972). Aménagement du Territoire et Polarization. Paris: Genin.
7.
Campbell, J. (1971). A structural approach to growth pole theory. Mimeo.
8.
Chardonnet, J. (1965). Geographie Industrielle, Tome II: L'Industrie . Sirey.
9.
Chenery, H., and Watanabe, T. (1958). International comparisons of the structure of production. Econometrica, Vol. 26: 487-521.
10.
Christaller, W. (1966). Central Places in Southern Germany. London: Prentice Hall.
11.
Czamanski, S. (1964). A model of urban growth. Papers and Proceedings, Regional Science Association, Vol. 13: 177-200.
12.
Czamanski, S. (1965). Industrial location and urban growth. Town Planning Review, Vol. 36: 165-180.
13.
Czamanski, S. (1974). Study of Clustering of Industries. Institute of Public Affairs, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
14.
Czamanski, S. (1977). Needless complexity in the identification of industrial complexes: a comment. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 17: 455-458.
15.
Czamanski, S., and Czamanski, D.Z. (1976). Study of Formation of Spatial Complexes. Halifax, Canada: Dalhousie University.
16.
Dacey, M.F., and Nystuen, J.D. (1966). A graph theory interpretation of nodal regions . Papers and Proceedings of Regional Science Association, Vol. 17.
17.
Fines, J.P. (1973). Analyse Spatialisée des Structures de Production Industrielle: Application au Cadre Regional, Faculte de Sciences Economiques , Centre d'Economie Regionale, Universite d'Aix, Marseille.
18.
Healy, R. (1972). Agglomeration and footlooseness: the distribution of economic activities among metropolitan areas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
19.
Hodge, G., and Wong, C.C. (n.d.). Adapting industrial complex analysis to the realities of regional data. Mimeo.
20.
Hoover, E.M. Jr. (1948). Location of Economic Activity. New York: McGraw Hill.
21.
Isard, W. (1956). Location and Space Economy. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press.
22.
Isard, W., Schooler, E.W., and Vietorisz, T. (1959). Industrial Complex Analysis and Regional Development . New York: John Wiley.
23.
Karaska, G.J. (1969). Manufacturing linkages in the Philadelphia economy: some evidence of external agglomeration forces. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 1: No. 4.
24.
Klaassen, L. (1967). Methods of Selecting Industries for Depressed Areas. Paris: OCDE.
25.
Kolosovskiy, N.N. (1961). The territorial production combination (complex) in Soviet economic geography. Journal of Regional Science , Vol. 3: 1-25.
26.
Latham, W.R. (1976). Needless complexity in the identification of industrial complexes. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 16: 45-55.
27.
Lösch, A. (1954). The Economics of Location. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
28.
Lu, M. (1974). L'Analyse des Complexes Industriels dans la Théorie de la Croissance Polarisée. Paris: Memoire de DES.
29.
Paelinck, J. (ed.) (1967). L'Efficacité des Mesures de Politique Économique Régionale. Faculte des Sciences Economiques , Namur, Centre de Recherches.
30.
Paelinck, J. (1970). De quelques aspects operatoires dans l'Usage des techniques d'entree et sortie au niveau regional et interregional. Revue Juridique, Sud-Ouest.
31.
Paelinck, J. (1972). Programming a viable minimal investment industrial complex for a growth center. In N. M. Hansen (ed.), Growth Centers in Regional Economic Development. Glencoe, Illin.: The Free Press.
32.
Perroux, F. (1965). Note sur la notion de pole de croissance. L'Economie du XXeme Siècle. Paris: PUF.
33.
Richter, C.E. (1969). The impact of industrial linkages on geographic association. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 9: 19-28.
34.
Roepke, H., Adams, D., and Wiseman, R. (1974). A new approach to the identification of industrial complexes using input-output data. Journal of Regional Science , Vol. 14: 15-29.
35.
Slater, P.B. (1974). A hierarchical clustering of 75 United States industries based upon interindustry transactions. Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University.
36.
Steed, G.P.F. (1970). Changing linkages and interval multipliers of an industrial complex. Canadian Geographer, Vol. 14: 229-242.
37.
Streit, M.E. (1969). Spatial association and economic linkages between industries. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 9: 177-188.
38.
Van Wickeren, A. (1972). An attraction analysis for the Asturian economy . Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 2: 221-247.
