Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Dyck
A.J.
Hippocrates, The Art , Ethics in Medicine, Historical Perspectives. (Cambridge, MA. M.I.T. Press 1977 ).
2.
Schneidennan
L.J.
“Medical Futility, Its Meaning and Ethical Implications,” Ann. Intern. Med , 112 : 949 , 1990 .
3.Medical Futility in End of Life Care. Report of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. JAMA 281 : 937 , 1999 .
4.
Angell
M.
“The Case of Helga Wanglie,” N. Eng. J. Med. 325 : 511 , 1991 .
5.Gilgunn v. Massachusetts General Hospital , Superior Court 1995 . No. 92-4826.
6.
Schneiderman
L.J.
“Beyond Futility to an Ethic of Care,” Am. J. of Med. 86 : 110 , 1994 .
7.
O'Donnell
T.J.
“Medical Decision Making,” Medical Moral Newsletter , 30 : 5 , 1993 .
8.
Papal Address to the Congress on the Vegetative State on March 20, 2004 , Vatican City.
9.
Eddy
D.M.
“What's Going on in Oregon?” JAMA 266 : 417 , 1991 .
10.Hastings Center , Guidelines on the Termination of Life Sustaining Treatment Bloomington , Indiana University Press . 1987 .
11.Task Force on Ethics , “Consensus Report on Foregoing Life Sustaining Treatment,” Crit Care Med 18 : 1435 , 1990 .
12.
Emmanuel
E.
, and
Emmanual
L.
“Four Models of Physician-Patient Relationship,” JAMA 267 : 2221 , 1992 .
13.
Frue
R.L.
“Medical Futility and the Texas Advance Directives Act of 1999,” Baylor University Medical Proceedings 13 : 144 , 2000 .
14.
Shuster
D.P.
“Everything That Should Be Done, Not Everything That Could Be Done,” Am. Rev. Pespir Des. 145 : 504 , 1992 .
