Waiting for Hippocrates: The “Right to Die” and the U.S. Constitution

___ F.3d ___ (1996); 1996 WL 94848 (9th Cir. (Wash.)); all references to the Ninth Circuit decision will cite the West Law slip opinion.

___ F.3d ___ (1996); 1996 WL 148605 (2nd Cir, (N.Y.)); all references to the Second Circuit decision will cite the West Law slip opinion.

Revised Code of Washington 9A.20.020(1)(c)(1975).

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791 (1992).

Tribe Lawrence American Constitutional Law (Mineola, NY: Foundation Press, 1978), p. 944.

Tribe Lawrence American Constitutional Law (Mineola, NY: Foundation Press, 1978), p. 946.

Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution reads in part, “No State shall … deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Bowers v. Hardwick, 302 U.S. 186, 191–92 (1986).

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. at 2805.

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. at 2807.

110 S. Ct. 2841 (1990).

110 S. Ct. at 2851.

110 S. Ct. at 2852.

110 S. Ct. at 2852.

110 S. Ct. at 2873.

110 S. Ct. at 2870.

110 S. Ct. at 2862–63.

Compassion in Dying v. Washington, 49 F.3d 586, 591 (1995).

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, 110 S. Ct. 2841, 2852 (1990).

New York State Task Force on Life and the Law, When Death is Sought Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Medical Context, p. xiii (May, 1994).

New York State Task Force on Life and the Law, When Death is Sought Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Medical Context, p x–xi.

New York State Task Force on Life and the Law, When Death is Sought Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Medical Context, p x–xi.

New York Penal Code, section 125.15.

New York Public Health Law, article 29-C, sections 2980–94 (McKinney 1993).

People v. Kevorkian, 527 N.W.2d 714, 732 (Mich. 1994), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 1795 (1995).

When Death is Sought, op. cit., p. 71.

Kamisar Yale “Are Laws Against Assisted Suicide Unconstitutional?”, Hastings Center Report, vol. 23, p. 32, 34 (1993).

Block Susan D. , and Andrew Billings J. “Patients Requests to Hasten Death: Evaluation and Management in Terminal Care,” Arch Intern Medicine, vol. 154, p. 2039, 2041 (Sept. 26, 1994).

Emanuel Ezekiel , and Emanuel Linda “The Economics of Dying: The Illusion of Cost Savings at the End of Life,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 330, p. 540 (1994).

Singer P. , and Lowy F. “Rationing, Patient Preferences and Cost of Care at the End of Life ” Arch Intern Medicine, vol. 152, p. 478 (1992).

Emanuel , and Emanuel Op. cit., p. 543.

Cardozo Benjamin The Nature of the Judicial Process (New Haven: Yale University Press1949), p. 51.

California Medicine, vol. 113 (Sept., 1970), reprinted in Human Life Review, vol. 1 (Winter 1975), p. 103–04.

Margaret Mead, Personal Correspondence, quoted in Maurice Levine, Psychiatry and Ethics (1972) p. 324.