TrotterGriffin, The Loyal Physician, Roycean Ethics and the Practice of Medicine, (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press,1997): 38.
2.
PellegrinoE., and ThomasmaD., A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice, (NY: Oxford Press,1981).
3.
While the presence of altruism as part of the physician ethical code may not have been fully explicated until the Christian era, it is a core value in the “grand tradition.” Cf. JonsonA., The New Medicine and the Old Ethics, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990): 9.
4.
MayW.F., The Physician's Covenant, (Philadelphia, PA: Westminster,1983); also, Paul Ramsey The Patient as Person, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970, 1980 5th printing).
5.
MooreW., and RosenblumG., The Profession's Roles and Rules, (NY: Russell Sage Foundation,1979): 51–65.
6.
MertonR., “Some Thoughts on the Professions in American Society”, (Brown University Presidential Address, 1960): 9.
7.
GoodeW., “The Theoretical Limits of Professionalization,” in The Semi-Professions and Their Organization, EtzioneA., ed., (NY: Free Press, 1969): 266–313.
8.
CabotR., “Ethics in the Hospital,”Nosokomien, 2: 151–159; The Art of Ministering to the Sick (NY: MacMillan, 1936).
9.
JonsonA., The New Medicine and the Old Ethics, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990): 27.
10.
EdelsteinL., “The Hippocratic Oath: Text, Translation and Interpretation,” in Ancient Medicine, Selected Papers of Ludwig Edelstein, TembianO., ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967).
11.
OrrRobert, “Use of the Hippocratic Oath,”Journal of Clinical Ethics, (Winter 1997): 377–388.
12.
KassirerJerome P.M.D., “Managing Care: Should We Adopt a New Ethic?”,New England Journal of Medicine; Aug 6, 1998; Vol 339 No 6; pp. 397–398.
13.
PellegrinoE., Humanism and the Physician, (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press,1979): 103.
14.
BellahR., Habits of the Heart Individualism and Commitment in American Life, (NY: Harper and Row,1986).
15.
United States Catholic Conference, “Economic Justice for All,”Origins (June 5, 1986): 33ff.
16.
United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (NY: United Nations Publications, 1948); Cf. Also: Pope John XXIII, Pacem in Terris (Peace on Earth) 1962, in Social Justice, The Catholic Position (Washington, D.C.: Consortium Press, 1975).
17.
American Medical Association, Code of Ethics, 1957, 10th Article; 1989, 1994 (Chicago: AMA Press).
18.
BerlantJ., Profession and Monopoly a Study of Medicine in the United States and Great Britain, (Berkely, CA: University of California Press,1975).
19.
FieldsM., “Postmodernism,”Premise II (September 27, 1995): 5ff.
20.
LyotardJ., The Post Modern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell,1989).
21.
WaughP., Postmodernism: A Reader, (London: Edward Arnold Publishers,1992).
22.
BestS., and KillnerD., Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations ((NY: The Guilford Press, 1991); S. Connor, Postmodernist Culture: An Introduction to Theories of the Contemporary (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1989).
23.
Jerome KassirerM.D., “Is Managed Care Here to Stay?”,NEJM (April 3, 1997): 1014.
24.
ReinhardtU., “For-Profit Cannot Continue the Mission,”Health Progress (July-August 1997): 35.
25.
MeierB., “For-Profit Care in Human Cost,”The New York Times (August 8, 1997): C-1; K. Eichenwald. “Hospital Giant Under Attack, Sets Shake-Up,” The New York Times (August 9, 1997).
26.
StutzJames, “St. Louis Hospitals: Financial and Statistical Overview,”St. LouisArea Business Health Care Coalition.
27.
PetersT., and WatermanP., In Search of Excellence, (NY: Warner Books,1982).
28.
CollinsJ.; PorrasJ., Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, (NY: Harper Business,1994).
29.
Op cit: 107.
30.
Cardinal Bernardin, “The Case for Not-For-Profit Health Care,” Address to Harvard Business Alumni of Chicago, Origins (24): 539ff.