Some well-known visual illusions have been examined under conditions which remove the effect of eye movements so that the image on the retina is stationary. Under these conditions the simple geometrical illusions are perceived in the normal way. Ambiguous perceptive figures show the reversals at about the usual rate provided that the subject is able to direct his attention to a salient point of the pattern. Certain regular stationary patterns produce illusory shadows which appear to move across the pattern in normal vision. These shadows are not seen when the effect of eye movements is removed.
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