The results of the study of the production technology, phase composition, structure and physico-mechanical properties of metal-ceramic materials based on boron carbide and their components are presented. Boron carbide was obtained by direct synthesis from chemical elements using amorphous boron and carbon black. By mechanical dispersion, solid reagents were converted into an ultrafine state. Using a chemical method, nanoscale (70–80 nm) boron carbide was synthesised from suspension solutions of amorphous boron and liquid hydrocarbons. Boron carbide-based metal-ceramic composite powder B4C–(Co–Ni–Ti) was obtained by mechanical dispersion of the constituent components. Based on results of studying of the temperature-dependence of wetting angle of boron carbide with Co–Ni–Ti metallic alloy, the compacting modes of metal-ceramic composite powders by plasma-spark sintering and hot pressing have been developed. The influence of the component content of the binder metal (alloy) on some physico-mechanical properties (linear expansion coefficient, hardness, and bending strength) of hardmetal-ceramic materials based on boron carbide was studied. It was found that the optimum content of the metal component in the composite is ∼ 25 wt-%. In the temperature range 300–600°C, the materials obtained are characterised by stable dimensional factors, since in this temperature range the thermal conductivity coefficient does not depend much on temperature. At room temperature, their bending strength is about 1 GPa. A new method of chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline ceramic compositions of boron carbide and titanium diboride using suspension solutions for the preparation of powders and their spark plasma sintering was also developed to obtain a compacted material of composition B4C+30 wt-%TiB2, which has a high hardness of 95 HRA (with maximum microhardness 45.6 GPa) and sufficient strength (with a bending strength of 834 MPa).
HasselmanDPH, BecherPF, MazdiyasniKS.Analysis of the resistance of high-E, low-E brittle composites tofailure by thermal shock. Z Werkstofftech. 1980;11:82–92. doi: 10.1002/mawe.19800110305
BogomolI, LobodaP, HolovenkoY, Preparation, structure and properties of sputtered powder of theeutectic В4С–TiB2 alloy. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference High Material Technology; 2015; Kyiv: IPMS. p. 162–162.
5.
WangY-J, PengH-X, YeF, Effect of TiB2 content on microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ fabricated TiB2/B4C composites. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2011;21:S369–S373. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61608-7
6.
ZamulaMV, Derev'yankoAV, KolesnichenkoVG, Electric discharge sintering refractory composites systems TiN–AlN and B4C–TiB2. Mater Sci Nanostruct.2009;4:69–76.
7.
ZamulaMV, Derev'yankoAV, KolesnichenkoVG, Consolidation of refractory composites of TiB2–B4C by an electric current. Proceeding of the 5th International Conference High Material Technology; 2015; Kyiv: IPMS. p. 168–168.
8.
WhiteRM, KunkleJM, HainesC, Plasma processing of B4C–TiB2 eutectic composite powders. J Am Ceram Soc. 2013;96(7):2050–2053. doi: 10.1111/jace.12431
9.
Koval'chenkoMS, TkachenkoYG, Koval'chukVV, Structureand properties of hot-pressed boron carbide base ceramics. Powd Metall Met Ceram. 1990;29(7):523–526. doi: 10.1007/BF00796063
10.
Grigor'evON, Koval'chukVV, ZametailoVV, Structure, physicomechanical properties, and special features of failure of hot-pressed boron carbide base ceramics. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 1990;29(7):543–547. doi: 10.1007/BF00796068
11.
PyzikAJ, NilssonRT.Boron-carbide–copper cermets and method for making same. US Patent 5145504. 1991.
12.
MaslennikovaVR, PanasyukAD, StrukLI, Compaction, structure formation, and properties ofmaterials based on boron carbide. Powd Metall Met Ceram. 1997;36(11–12):570–574. doi: 10.1007/BF02676140
13.
BykovAI, GridnevaIV, MakarenkoGN, Interactions of boroncarbide with titanium and zirconium carbides under pressure. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 1998;37(1–2):45–47. doi: 10.1007/BF02677229
14.
GordienkoSP.Thermodynamic analysis of the reaction of titanium with boron carbide in a self-propagating high-temperaturesynthesis regime. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 1999;38(3–4):172–175. doi: 10.1007/BF02676045
15.
SkorokhodVV, KrsticVD.Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of B4C–TiB2 particulate sintered composites I. Pressureless sintering and microstructure evolution. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2000;39(7–8):414–423. doi: 10.1023/A:1026625909365
16.
SkorokhodVV, KrsticVD.Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of B4C–TiB2 particulatesintered composites. II. Fracture and mechanical properties. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2000;39(9–10):504–513. doi: 10.1023/A:1011378825628
17.
LevinL, FrageN, DarielMP.Novel approach for the preparation of B4C-based cermets. Int J Ref Met Hard Mater. 2000;18(2):131–135. doi: 10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00012-3
18.
SkorokhodVJr, KrsticVD.High strength-high toughness B4C–TiB2 composites. J Mater Sci Lett. 2000;19:237–239. doi: 10.1023/A:1006766910536
19.
KocR, HodgeDB.Production of TiB2 from a precursor containing carbon coated TiO2 and B4C. J Mater Sci Lett. 2000;19:667–669. doi: 10.1023/A:1006706510384
20.
LeeJH, WonCW, JooSM, Preparation of B4C powder from B2O3 oxide by SHS process. J Mater Sci Lett. 2000;19:951–954. doi: 10.1023/A:1006760020130
21.
Grigor'evON, GogotsiGA, GogotsiYG, Synthesis and properties of ceramics in the SiC–B4C–MeB2 system. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2000;39(5–6):239–250. doi: 10.1007/BF02684674
22.
Grigor'evON, PrilutskiiÉV, TrunovaEG, Structure and properties of ceramics based on tungstenand titanium borides and boron carbide. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2002;41(3–4):142–146. doi: 10.1023/A:1019878725547
23.
DengJ, ZhouJ, FengY, Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed B4C/(W. Ti)C ceramiccomposites. Ceram Int. 2002;28(4):425–430. doi: 10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00113-4
24.
YamadaS, HiraoK, YamauchiY, High strength B4C–TiB2 composites fabricated by reaction hotpressing. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2003;23(7):1123–1130. doi: 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00274-1
25.
TkachenkoYG, BritunVF, BovkunGO, Electroerosion behavior of a ceramic based onboron carbide: phase composition, structure, and properties of protective spark coatings. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2005;44(11–12):537–544. doi: 10.1007/s11106-006-0022-0
26.
DudinaDV, HulbertDM, JiangD, In situ boron carbide–titaniumdiboride composites prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering. J Mater Sci. 2008;43(10):3569–3576. doi: 10.1007/s10853-008-2563-8
27.
OkrostsvaridzeO, TavadzeG, DzneladzeD, Hetero-modulus composites: SHS powders–metalphosphates. In: FioreS, BelvisoC, GiannossiML, editors. Micro et Nano: Scientiæ Mare Magnum, Vol. 2. Bari: SA Publ.; 2009. p. 91.
28.
BogomolI, NishimuraT, VasylkivO, Microstructure and high-temperature strength of B4C–TiB2 composite prepared by a crucibleless zone melting method. J Alloys Comp. 2009;485(1–2):677–681. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.044
29.
TkachenkoYG, Koval'chenkoMS, BritunVF, Production, properties, and erosion characteristics of B4C−Al composite materials. Powd Metall Met Ceram. 2009;48(1–2):60–65. doi: 10.1007/s11106-009-9095-x
30.
KorablevD, RumyantsevV, OrdanyanS, Wear-resistant materials based on B4C–TiB2–SiC system. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on High Mater Technol; 2009; Kyiv: IPMS. p. 249.
31.
ShvetsVA, LavrenkoVA, SubbotinVI, Anodic oxidation of SiC–TiB2–B4C composites in 3%NaCl solution. Powder Metall Met Ceram. 2011;49(11–12):702–706. doi: 10.1007/s11106-011-9291-3
32.
ZhangX, HeX, FanC, Microstructural and mechanical characterization of multiphase Nb-based composites from Nb–Ti–C–B system. Int J Ref Met Hard Mater. 2013;41(11):185–190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2013.03.010
33.
TsagareishviliO, LezhavaD, TushishviliM, Some physical properties of compacted specimens of high dispersed boron carbide and boron suboxide. J Solid State Chem. 2004;177(2):596–599. doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2003.05.005
34.
GabuniaD, GachechiladzeA, MikeladzeA, Obtaining opportunities of boron carbide powders based hetero-modulus ceramics. In: FioreS, BelvisoC, GiannossiML, editors. Micro et Nano: Sciantiæ Mare Magnum, Vol. 1. Bari: SA Publ.; 2009. p. 86.
35.
GachechiladzeA, GabuniaD, MikeladzeA, On technological process of synthesis of boron carbide nanodispersive powders. In: Konuk A, Kurama H, Ak H, Iphar M, editors. Proceedings of the 4th International Boron Symposium; 2009; Ankara: Osmangazi Univ. – TMMOB. p. 67–71.
36.
AntadzeM, ChediaR, TsagareishviliO, Metal-ceramics based on nanostructured boron carbide. Solid State Sci. 2012;14(11–12):1725–1728. doi: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2012.08.004
37.
BatsikadzeTA, GabuniaDL, GabuniaVM, Preparation of boron and boron carbide in arc – new approaches. Abs.18th Int. Symp. Boron, Borides & Rel. Mater., 2014, Honolulu, Univ. Hawaii, 127–127.
38.
AntadzeM, MikeladzeA, GachechiladzeA, Fabrication of metal-ceramics composite based on B4C–MeB2. Abstract of the 18th International Symposium Boron, Borides & Related Materials; 2014; Honolulu: Univ. Hawaii. p. 144.
39.
BatsikadzeTA, GabuniaDL, GabuniaVM, Obtaining of mixture of boron and boron carbide in electric arc. Proc Georg Natl Acad Sci (Ser. Chem.). 2015;41(1–2):160–163.
40.
MikeladzeA, ChkhartishviliL, ChediaR, B4C–TiB2 ceramic nanocrystalline composites: Synthesis, compacting, structure, and properties. In: Gerasomov A, Chkhartishvili L, editors. Abstract of the 4th International Conference “Nanotechnologies”; 2016; Tbilisi: Georg. Tech. Univ. p. 145.
MikeladzeA, TsagareishviliO, ChkhartishviliL, Synthesizing of nanostructured composite ceramics B4C–TiB2 and their properties. Abstract of the 19th International Symposium Boron, Borides & Related Materials; 2017; Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs Univ. p. 58.
43.
ChkhartishviliL, MikeladzeA, TsagareishviliO, Ch.2: Boron-containing nanocrystalline ceramic and metal–ceramic materials. In: HussainCM, editor. Handbook of nanomaterials for industrial applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2018. p. 13–35.
44.
MikeladzeA, TsagareishviliO, ChkhartishviliL, Chemical method of obtaining of B4C–TiB2 ceramic composites. In: Hui D, editor. Proceedings of 26th Annual International Conference on Composites or Nano Engineering; 2018; Paris: ICCE – AMAC – Guangzhou Univ. p. 1–2. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/jaxxr743yjif8f6/AABwXggdAHPYT4Xl9Nl0qzSLa?dl=0.
45.
TsagareishviliO, MikeladzeA, ChediaR, Method of obtaining boron carbide based hard nanocomposite materials. National Center for Intellectual Property of Georgia “GeoPatent” – Patent # GE P2018 6709 B, 2018 Oct 11.
46.
SamsonovGV, SerebryakovaTI, NeronovVA.Borides. Moscow: Atomizdat; 1975; 374 pp.
47.
KlopotovVD, KlopotovAA, PotekaevAI, Physical-chemical approaches to choosing of doping elements in titanium nickelide-based ternary alloys with form memory effects. I. Doping elements –IVA–VA group metals. Proc Tomsk Polytech Univ. 2011;319(2):114–120.
