Abstract

Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.Al Jazeera 2016 , ‘Syria Civil War: Kurds Declare Federal Region in North ’ in Al Jazeera , 17 March: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/syria-civil-war-kurds-declare-federal-system-north-160317111902534.html, accessed 21 February 2017.
2.
Arafat
H.
2016 , ‘“Rojava” No Longer Exists, “Northern Syria” Adopted Instead ’ in Kurdistan 24 , 28 December: https://bit.ly/2fisx55, accessed 22 February 2017.
3.
Arjona
A.
2015 , ‘Civilian Resistance to Rebel Governance ’ in
Arjona
A.
,
Kasfir
N.
,
Mampilly
Z.
eds, Rebel Governance in Civil War , New York : Cambridge University Press : 180 –202 .
4.
Arjona
A.
2016 , Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
5.Carnegie Middle East Center 2012 , ‘The Kurdish Democratic Union Party ’: carnegie-mec.org/diwan/48526?lang=en, accessed 1 August 2017.
6.
Chenoweth
E.
&
Stephan
M.
2011 , Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict , New York : Columbia University Press .
7.Daily Sabah 2014 ,‘More Kurdish Families Join Protest against PKK “Abductions” ’ in Daily Sabah , 29 May: https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2014/05/30/more-kurdish-families-join-protest-against-pkk-abductions, accessed 6 August 2017.
8.Danish Immigration Service 2015 , ‘Syria: Military Service, Mandatory Self-Defence Duty and Recruitment to the YPG ’, Report: https://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1425637269_syriennotat26feb2015.pdf, accessed 25 February 2017.
9.Geneva Call 2014 , ‘Syrian Kurdish Armed Non-State Actor Commits to Ban Anti-Personnel Mines, Sexual Violence and Child Recruitment ’, 16 June: https://genevacall.org/syrian-kurdish-armed-non-state-actor-commits-ban-anti-personnel-mines-sexual-violence-child-recruitment/ accessed 12 March 2017.
10.
Gregg
R.B.
1971 , The Power of Nonviolence , New York : Schocken Books (first published 1934 ).
11.
Hollander
A.
&
Einwohner
R.
2004 , ‘Conceptualizing Resistance ’ in Sociological Forum 19 : 4 : 533 –554 .
12.Human Rights Watch 2014 , ‘Under Kurdish Rule: Abuses in PYD-Run Enclaves of Syria ’, Human Rights Watch Report : https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/syria0614_kurds_ForUpload.pdf, accessed 12 March 2017.
13.
Kozak
C.
2014 , ‘The Assad Regime Under Stress: Conscription and Protest among Alawite and Minority Populations in Syria ’, Institute for the Study of War , 15 December: https://iswresearch.blogspot.be/2014/12/the-assad-regime-under-stress.html, accessed 2 August 2017.
14.Kurdish National Council 2016 , ‘Release: Federalism Is Not Separatism ’, 17 March: knc-geneva.org/?p=321&lang=en, accessed 26 February 2017.
15.
Mampilly
Z.C.
2011 , Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life During War , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
16.National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces 2016 , ‘No Place for Projects Against the Will of the Syrian People ’: https://en.etilaf.org/press/no-place-for-projects-against-the-will-of-the-syrian-people.html, accessed 25 February 2017.
17.Reuters 2016 , ‘Syrian Governments Says Federal Vote in Kurdish Regions Has No Impact ’ in Reuters , 17 March: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-federalism-state-idUSKCN0WJ1I8, accessed 22 February 2017.
18.
Rubin
J.E.
1996 , ‘‘Defining Resistance: Contested Interpretations of Everyday Acts ’ in Studies in Law, Politics, and Society 15 : 237 –260 .
19.
Scott
J.C.
1985 , Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance , New Haven & London : Yale University Press .
20.
Sharp
G.
1973 , The Politics of Nonviolent Action, 3 vols , Boston : Porter Sargent .
21.
Sharp
G.
2012 , Sharp's Dictionary of Power and Struggle: Language of Civil Resistance in Conflicts , New York : Oxford University Press .
22.
Weinstein
J.M.
2007 , Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
