This simulation provides public administration, public policy, and management students and practitioners with an immersive disaster scenario. The table-top exercise provides an example of how municipal leaders can prepare for disaster scenarios and the importance of embedding social equity into disaster response. Additionally, it provides an example of how to embed social equity in the planning and development of disaster response planning and preparation. This classroom-based group simulation takes approximately 90 minutes (20 minutes for preparation, 50 minutes for the simulation case study, and 20 minutes for discussion) and also includes barriers to disaster relief experienced by minority populations. The case is organized into three sections and concludes with teaching notes and discussion questions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbdouA. S.De PedroK. T.De AndaA.MercedI., & MaoK. (2022). Nurturing cultural humility and responsiveness through restorative pedagogy in graduate education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education33(2), 273–284.
2.
AbruzziW. S. (1995). The social and ecological consequences of early cattle ranching in the Little Colorado River Basin. Human Ecology, 23, 75–98.
3.
AbukhalafA. H. I., & von MedingJ. (2021). Psycholinguistics and emergency communication: A qualitative descriptive study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 55, 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102061
AzeezO.ElfekiA.KamisA. S., & ChaabaniA. (2020). Dam break analysis and flood disaster simulation in arid urban environment: The Um Al-Khair dam case study, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Natural Hazards, 100(3), 995–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03836-5
ÇağlayanN., & SatogluS. I. (2022). Simulation analysis of critical factors of casualty transportation for disaster response: A case study of Istanbul earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 13(5), 632–647. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2021-0031
FingerT., & MorehouseB. (2007). River of change: An environmental history of climate and water management in the Upper Little Colorado Watershed. Journal of the Southwest, 49(4), 531–560. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2007.0019.
18.
FongL. M. (1980). Sojourners and settlers: The Chinese experience in Arizona. The Journal of Arizona History, 21(3), 227–256.
FothergillA., & PeekL. A. (2004). Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural Hazards, 32(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000026792.76181.d9
21.
FredericksonH. G. (2015). Social equity and public administration: Origins, developments, and applications. Routledge.
22.
GarrisonN. A. (2013). Genomic justice for Native Americans: Impact of the Havasupai case on genetic research. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 38(2), 201–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243912470009
23.
GaynorT. S. (2014). Through the wire: Training culturally competent leaders for a new era. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 20(3), 369–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2014.12001794
GoodenS.JonesD.MartinK. J., & BoydM. (2009). Social equity in local emergency management planning. State & Local Government Review, 41(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160323X0904100101
26.
GoralnickE.SerinoR., & ClarkC. R. (2021). Equity and disasters: Reframing incident command systems. American Journal of Public Health, 111(5), 844–848. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306171
GuyM. E., & McCandlessS. A. (2012). Social equity: Its legacy, its promise. Public Administration Review, 72(s1), S5–S13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02635.x
JohnsonK. E.LinL. C.HortonS. E. B.ToddA.GuilletN., & MorganS. (2022). VAMOS-VaxNOW: A nurse-led interdisciplinary disaster response to address vaccine equity in central Texas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Emergency and Disaster Nursing, 9(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2021-SP05
31.
JungA. R.HristovskiK. D.UlrichJ. W., & BrownA. F. (2015). Understanding comprehension levels of emergency notifications by limited English proficient US residents: Case study of Korean-Americans in New York City. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 12(4), 845–859. https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2014-0063
32.
KnepperH. J.EvansM. D., & HenleyT. J. (Eds.). (2023). Intersectionality and crisis management: A path to social equity. Taylor & Francis.
33.
KnoxC. C., & HauptB. (Eds.). (2020). Cultural competency for emergency and crisis management: Concepts, theories and case studies. Taylor and Francis.
34.
KnutsonC. L.HayesM. J., & SvobodaM. D. (2007). Case study of tribal drought planning: The Hualapai Tribe. Natural Hazards Review, 8(4), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2007)8:4(125)
35.
LandahlM., & CarterS. S. (2020). Preparing schools for active threats. Cultural competency for emergency and crisis management: Concepts. Theories and Case Studies, 5.
MeerowS.PajouheshP., & MillerT. R. (2019). Social equity in urban resilience planning. Local Environment, 24(9), 793–808. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2019.1645103
National Research Council. (1996). The Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory’s thyroid function study: A radiological risk and ethical analysis. National Library of Medicine.
Phillips IiG.FeltD.RuprechtM. M.WangX.XuJ.Pérez-BillE.BagnarolR. M.RothJ.CurryC. W., & BeachL. B. (2020). Addressing the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and gender minority populations in the United States: Actions toward equity. LGBT Health, 7(6), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2020.0187
RiveraJ. D., & KnoxC. C. (2023). Defining social equity in emergency management: A critical first step in the nexus. Public Administration Review, 83(5), 1170–1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13574
49.
SacksB. (1963). The creation of the territory of Arizona. Arizona and the West, 5(2), 109–148.
50.
SayreN. (1999). The cattle boom in southern Arizona: Towards a critical political ecology. Journal of the Southwest, 239–271.
51.
ShiY.ZhaiG.ZhouS.LuY.ChenW., & DengJ. (2019). How can cities respond to flood disaster risks under multi-scenario simulation? A case study of Xiamen, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(4), 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040618
52.
TierneyK., & Oliver-SmithA. (2012). Social dimensions of disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 30(2), 123–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/028072701203000210
WhitakerM. C. (2000). The rise of black Phoenix: African-American migration, settlement and community development in Maricopa County, Arizona 1868-1930. The Journal of Negro History, 85(3), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.2307/2649077
58.
WoodsJ. (2014). Community development: The way forward for social work in disaster management: Critical essay. International Journal of Social Work and Human Services Pracfice, 2(3), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.13189/ijrh.2014.020307
59.
WrightN. A., & FosterL. (2018). Improving disaster response through the science of work. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.04.026
60.
WuH.PeekL.MathewsM. C., & MattsonN. (2022). Cultural competence for hazards and disaster researchers: Framework and training module. Natural Hazards Review, 23(1), 06021005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000536
61.
YoungD. W. (1998, April). The history of cattle grazing in Arizona. Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science.
