Since Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is presumed to be a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) it is important to screen for the presence of ADHD in this population. Screening instruments for ADHD however have not been tested for use in forensic psychiatry. The aim of the present study was to assess the screening capacity of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-Version 1.1 (ASRS-V 1.1), the ultra short questionnaire for ADHD (UKV) and the ADHD DSM-IV Rating Scale for adults (ADHD RS) among offenders of IPV in forensic psychiatry. One hundred and fifty participants, all of them outpatients of a forensic mental health service and referred for IPV, filled in the screeners upon intake and were subsequently assessed with the structured diagnostic interview for ADHD in adults 2.0 (DIVA 2.0). Diagnostic accuracy was moderate for ASRS-V 1.1 (AUC = .85; 95% CI = .79–.91) and UKV (AUC = .81; 95% CI = .74–.88) and high for ADHD RS (AUC = .94; 95% CI = .90–.97). Screening capacities were moderate for ASRS-V 1.1 (PPV = .81; 95% CI = .71−.88) and UKV (PPV = .78; 95% CI = .67–.85) and very good for ADHD RS (PPV = .90; 95% CI = .81–.95).
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdlerL.CohenJ. (2004). Diagnosis and evaluation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27(2), 187–201. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.003
2.
AndrewsD. A.ZingerI.HogeR. D.BontaJ.GendreauP.CullenF. T. (1990). Does correctional treatment work - a clinically relevant and psychologically informed metaanalysis. Criminology, 28(3), 369–404. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01330.x
3.
APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
4.
BabinskiL. M.HartsoughC. S.LambertN. M. (1999). Childhood conduct problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention as predictors of adult criminal activity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(3), 347–355.
5.
BiedermanJ.FaraoneS. V. (2004). The Massachusetts General Hospital studies of gender influences on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youth and relatives. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27(2), 225–232. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.004
6.
Bihlar MuldB.JokinenJ.BolteS.HirvikoskiT. (2013). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders with co-existing substance use disorder is characterized by early antisocial behaviour and poor cognitive skills. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 336. doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-336
7.
BronT. I.BijlengaD.BoonstraA. M.BreukM.PardoenW. F.BeekmanA. T.KooijJ. J. (2014). OROS-methylphenidate efficacy on specific executive functioning deficits in adults with ADHD: a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(4), 519–528. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.007
8.
BuitelaarN. J.PosthumusJ. A.BuitelaarJ. K. (2015). ADHD in childhood and/or adulthood as a risk factor for domestic violence or intimate partner violence: A systematic review. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi: 10.1177/1087054715587099
9.
BuitelaarN. J. L.FerdinandR. F. (2013). ADHD undetected in criminal adults. Journal of Attention Disorders.
10.
BuitelaarN. J. L.PosthumusJ. A.ScholingA.BuitelaarJ. K. (2014). Impact of Treatment of ADHD on intimate Partner violence (ITAP), a study protocol. BMC Psychiatry. Retrieved from http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-014-0336-2
11.
ChamorroJ.BernardiS.PotenzaM. N.GranteJ. E.MarshR.WangS.BlancoC. (2012). Impulsivity in the general population: A national study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(8), 994–1001. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.023
12.
DuPaulG. J.PowerT. J.AnastopoulosA. D.ReidR. (1998). ADHD Rating Scale - IV: Checklists, norms and clinical interpretation. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
13.
FangX.MassettiG. M.OuyangL.GrosseS. D.MercyJ. A. (2010). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and young adult intimate partner violence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(11), 1179–1186. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.137
14.
FaraoneS. V.GlattS. J. (2010). A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(6), 754–763. doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04902pur
15.
FayyadJ.De GraafR.KesslerR.AlonsoJ.AngermeyerM.DemyttenaereK.JinR. (2007). Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 402–409. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034389
16.
FirstM. B.SpitzerR. L.GibbonM.WilliamsJ. B. W.BenjaminL. (2000). SCIDD II Gestructureerd Klinisch Interview voor DSM IV As II Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.
17.
GittelmanR.MannuzzaS.ShenkerR.BonaguraN. (1985). Hyperactive boys almost grown up. I. Psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42(10), 937–947.
18.
GonzalezR. A.KallisC.CoidJ. W. (2013). Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and violence in the population of England: Does comorbidity matter?Plos One, 8(9), e75575. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075575
19.
KesslerR. (2006). Epidemiology and screening of adult ADHD in the general population and practice. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 16, S576–S576. doi: 10.1016/s0924-977x(06)70827-6
20.
KesslerR. C.AdlerL.AmesM.DemlerO.FaraoneS.HiripiE.WaltersE. E. (2005). The World Health Organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS): A short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 245–256. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704002892
21.
KesslerR. C.AdlerL. A.BarkleyR.BiedermanJ.ConnersC. K.FaraoneS. V.ZaslavskyA. M. (2005). Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1442–1451. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.001
22.
KesslerR. C.AdlerL. A.GruberM. J.SarawateC. A.SpencerT.Van BruntD. L. (2007). Validity of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener in a representative sample of health plan members. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16(2), 52–65. doi: 10.1002/mpr.208
23.
KooijJ. J. S. (2009). ADHD bij volwassenen. Diagnostiek en behandeling. (3rd. ed.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Pearson.
24.
KooijJ. J. S. (2012). Adult ADHD, Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment (3rd ed.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Springer.
25.
KooijJ. J. S.BejerotS.BlackwellA.CaciH.Casas-BrugueM.CarpentierP. J.AshersonP. (2010). European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD. BMC Psychiatry, 10, 67. doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-10-67
26.
KooijJ. J. S.BoonstraM. A.SwinkelsS. H.BekkerE. M.de NoordI.BuitelaarJ. K. (2008). Reliability, validity, and utility of instruments for self-report and informant report concerning symptoms of ADHD in adult patients. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(4), 445–458. doi: 10.1177/1087054707299367
27.
KooijJ. J. S.BuitelaarJ. K.van den OordE. J.FurerJ. W.RijndersC. A.HodiamontP. P. (2005). Internal and external validity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of adults. Psychological Medicine, 35(6), 817–827.
28.
LichtensteinP.LarssonH. (2013). Medication for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and criminality. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368(8), 776. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1215531
29.
MandellA. (1998). An investigation of the presence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behavior in a population of court mandated domestic violence perpetrators. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59 (12-A), 4369.
30.
ManeetonN.ManeetonB.SrisurapanontM.MartinS. D. (2011). Bupropion for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 65(7), 611–617. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02264.x
31.
MannuzzaS.KleinR. G.BesslerA.MalloyP.LaPadulaM. (1993). Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(7), 565–576.
32.
MoriyamaT. S.PolanczykG. V.TerziF. S.FariaK. M.RohdeL. A. (2013). Psychopharmacology and psychotherapy for the treatment of adults with ADHD-a systematic review of available meta-analyses. CNS Spectrums, 18(6), 296–306. doi: 10.1017/s109285291300031x
33.
NVVPN. V. v. P. (2008). Richtlijn familiaal huiselijk geweld bij kinderen en volwassenen (Guideline for familial domestic violence in children and adults). Utrecht, The Netherlands: Nederlands Vereniging voor Psychiatrie.
34.
PardiniD. A.FiteP. J. (2010). Symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and callous-unemotional traits as unique predictors of psychosocial maladjustment in boys: advancing an evidence base for DSM-V. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(11), 1134–1144. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.07.010
35.
PolanczykG.de LimaM. S.HortaB. L.BiedermanJ.RohdeL. A. (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(6), 942–948. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.6.942
36.
RetzW.RoslerM. (2009). The relation of ADHD and violent aggression: What can we learn from epidemiological and genetic studies?International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(4), 235–243. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.006
37.
SemizU. B.BasogluC.OnerO.MunirK. M.AtesA.AlgulA.CetinM. (2008). Effects of diagnostic comorbidity and dimensional symptoms of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in men with antisocial personality disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(5), 405–413. doi: 10.1080/00048670801961099
38.
SkirrowC.AshersonP. (2013). Emotional lability, comorbidity and impairment in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1-3), 80–86. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.011
39.
SwetsJ. A.PickettR. M. (1982). Evaluation of diagnostic systems: Methods from signal detection theory. New York, NY: Academic Press.
40.
TaylorA.DebS.UnwinG. (2011). Scales for the identification of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(3), 924–938. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.036
41.
TheriaultS. W.HolmbergD. (2001). Impulsive, but violent? Are components of the attention deficit-hyperactivity syndrome associated with aggression in relationships? [Article]. Violence against Women, 7(12), 1464–1489. doi: 10.1177/10778010122183946
42.
van Emmerik-van OortmerssenK.van de GlindG.KoeterM. W.AllsopS.AuriacombeM.BartaC.SchoeversR. A. (2014). Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking substance use disorder patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of the IASP study. Addiction, 109(2), 262–272. doi: 10.1111/add.12370
43.
van VlietI. M.de BeursE. (2007). [The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV en ICD-10 psychiatric disorders]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 49(6), 393–397.
44.
WeislerR. H.BiedermanJ.SpencerT. J.WilensT. E.FaraoneS. V.ChrismanA. K.TullochS. J. (2006). Mixed amphetamine salts extended-release in the treatment of adult ADHD: a randomized, controlled trial. CNS Spectrums, 11(8), 625–639.
45.
WymbsB.MolinaB.PelhamW.CheongJ.GnagyE.BelendiukK.WaschbuschD. (2012). Risk of intimate partner violence among young adult males with childhood ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(5), 373–383. doi: 10.1177/1087054710389987
46.
WymbsB. T.WaltherC. A.CheongJ.BelendiukK. A.PedersenS. L.GnagyE. M.MolinaB. S. (2014). Childhood ADHD Potentiates the Association Between Problematic Drinking and Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi: 10.1177/1087054714557358
47.
YoungS.MossD.SedgwickO.FridmanM.HodgkinsP. (2014). A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations. Psychological Medicine, FirstView, 1–12. doi:10.1017/S0033291714000762
