This qualitative, participatory action research study examined treatment planning from the perspectives of 29 inpatients and 16 service providers at a Canadian forensic mental health hospital. Qualitative data produced by indepth interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants’ narratives clustered around six themes: (a) It's all about the patient: Involving patients; (b) Other professionals at the table: Including other professionals; (c) Onward and upward: Progressing through the hospital; (d) Know me for who I am: Understanding the patient; (e) Keep me in the loop: Sharing information with patients; and (f) To trust or not to trust: Openness, honesty, and trust.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdamsJ.R.DrakeR.E.WolfordG.L.2007. Shared decision-making preferences of people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 58(9): 1219–1221. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.9.1219
2.
AnthonyP.CrawfordP.2000. Service user involvement in care planning: The mental health nurse's perspective. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 7(5): 425–434. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.2000.00332.x
3.
BraunV.ClarkeV.2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2): 77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
4.
ChinmanM.J.AllendeM.1999. On the road to collaborative treatment planning: Consumer and provider perspectives. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 26(2): 211–218. doi:10.1007/BF02287492
5.
CornwallA.JewkesR.1995. What is participatory research?. Social Science and Medicine, 41(12): 1667–1676. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00127-S
6.
CorriganP.W.McCrackenS.G.1999. Training teams to deliver better psychiatric rehabilitation programs. Psychiatric Services, 50(1): 43–45.
7.
CreswellJ.W.HansonW.E.Clark PlanoV.L.MoralesA.2007. Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. Counseling Psychologist, 35(2): 236–264. doi:10.1177/0011000006287390
8.
DeeganP.DrakeR.2006. Shared decision making and medication management in the recovery process. Psychiatric Services, 57(11): 1636–1639. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.11.1636
9.
FeredayJ.Muir-CochraneE.2006. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1): 80–92.
10.
FichtnerC.G.StoutC.E.DoveH.LardonC.S.2000. Psychiatric leadership and the clinical team: Simulated in vivo treatment planning performance as teamwork proxy and learning laboratory. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 27(5): 313–337.
11.
HamannJ.CohenR.LeuchtS.BuschR.KisslingW.2005. Do patients with schizophrenia wish to be involved in decisions about their medical treatment?. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(12): 2382–2384. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2382
12.
HillbrandM.YoungJ.L.GriffithE.E. H.2010. Managing risk and recovery: Redefining miscibility of oil and water. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38(4): 452–456.
13.
JohanssonI.LundmanB.2002. Patients’ experience of involuntary psychiatric care: Good opportunities and great losses. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 9(6): 639–647. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.2002.00547.x
14.
JonesA.2006. Multidisciplinary team working: Collaboration and conflict. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 15(1): 19–28. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2006.00400.x
15.
LibermanR.HiltyD.DrakeR.TsangH.2001. Requirements for multidisciplinary teamwork in psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, 52(10): 1331–1342. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.10.1331
16.
LivingstonJ.D.RossiterK.R.2011. Stigma as perceived and experienced by people with mental illness who receive compulsory community treatment: A qualitative study. Stigma Research & Action, 1(2): 1–8. doi:10.5463/SRA.v1i1.1
17.
LudmanE.KatonW.BushT.RutterC.LinE.SimonG.WalkerE.2003. Behavioural factors associated with symptom outcomes in a primary care-based depression prevention intervention trial. Psychological Medicine, 33(6): 1061–1070. doi:10.1017/S003329170300816X
18.
McCallinA.2003. Interdisciplinary team leadership: A revisionist approach for an old problem?. Journal of Nursing Management, 11(6): 364–370. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2834.2003.00425.x
19.
McLoughlinK.GellerJ.2010. Interdisciplinary treatment planning in inpatient settings: From myth to model. Psychiatric Quarterly, 81(3): 263–277. doi:10.1007/s11126-010-9135-1
20.
MunichR.2000. Leadership and restructured roles: The evolving inpatient treatment team. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 64(4): 482–493.
21.
NichollsT.L.BrinkJ.GreavesC.LussierP.Verdun-JonesS.2009. Forensic psychiatric inpatients and aggression: An exploration of incidence, prevalence, severity, and interventions by gender. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(1): 23–30. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.11.007
22.
OlofssonB.JacobssonL.2001. A plea for respect: Involuntarily hospitalized psychiatric patients’ narratives about being subjected to coercion. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 8(4): 357–366. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.2001.00404.x
23.
OpieA.1997. Thinking teams thinking clients: Issues of discourse and representation in the work of health care teams. Sociology of Health & Illness, 19(3): 259–280. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.1997.tb00019.x
24.
RodenhauserP.1996. Psychiatrists as treatment team leaders: Pitfalls and rewards. Psychiatric Quarterly, 67(1): 11–31. doi:10.1007/BF02244272
25.
SaldañaJ.2009. Coding manual for qualitative researchers, London: Sage.
26.
SandelowskiM.1995. Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18(2): 179–183. doi:10.1002/nur.4770180211
27.
SchneiderB.2012. Participatory action research, mental health service user research, and the Hearing (our) Voices projects. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 11(2): 152–165.
28.
ShawM.HeymanB.ReynoldsL.DaviesJ.GodinP.2007. Multidisciplinary teamwork in a UK regional secure mental health unit a matter for negotiation?. Social Theory & Health, 5(4): 356–377. doi:10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700103
29.
SinghN.N.SinghS.D.SabaawiM.MyersR.WahlerR.2006. Enhancing treatment team process through mindfulness-based mentoring in an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Behavior Modification, 30(4): 423–441. doi:10.1177/0145445504272971
30.
SoffeJ.ReadJ.FrudeN.2004. A survey of clinical psychologists’ views regarding service user involvement in mental health services. Journal of Mental Health, 13(6): 583–592. doi:10.1080/09638230400017020
31.
StormM.DavidsonL.2010. Inpatients’ and providers’ experiences with user involvement in inpatient care. Psychiatric Quarterly, 81(2): 111–125. doi:10.1007/s11126-009-9122-6
32.
van der VeldeJ.WilliamsonD.L.OgilvieL.D.2009. Participatory action research: Practical strategies for actively engaging and maintaining participation in immigrant and refugee communities. Qualitative Health Research, 19(9): 1293–1302. doi:10.1177/1049732309344207
33.
WebsterC.D.MartinM.L.BrinkJ.NichollsT.L.DesmaraisS.L.2009. Manual for the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): Revised, Port Coquitlam, British Columbia and Hamilton, Ontario: Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton.
34.
WhiteG.W.SuchowierskaM.CampbellM.2004. Developing and systematically implementing participatory action research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(4 Suppl 2): S3–S12. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.109
35.
WhyteL.BrookerC.2001. Working with a multidisciplinary team in secure psychiatric environments. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 39(9): 26–34.
36.
WhyteW.GreenwoodD.LazesP.1989. Participatory action research: Through practice to science in social research. American Behavioral Scientist, 32(4): 513–551. doi:10.1177/0002764289032005003
37.
WoltmannE.M.WhitleyR.2010. Shared decision making in public mental health care: Perspectives from consumers living with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 34(1): 29–36. doi:10.2975/34.1.2010.29.36
