Psychological Risk Markers in Violent Female Behavior

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify psychological risk markers for violent female offenders. Victimization experiences, stressful life events, personality disorders and cognitive ability of 61 offenders and 30 nonoffenders were examined by a structured interview and an intelligence test. First-time offenders and repeat violent offenders were also compared on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Offenders had had more adverse experiences in childhood and adulthood than non-offenders, and reported partner related difficulties prior to the index offense. Cluster B personality disorders and more limited cognitive functioning characterized offenders who indulge in substance abuse and had received psychiatric treatment more often than nonoffenders. A comparison of repeat violent offenders and first-time offenders produced no differences in experiences of abuse, whereas domestic violence and parental divorce were more common in families of recidivists than in those of first-time offenders. Antisocial personality disorder, psychopathic traits, substance abuse and non-violent criminality also proved to be more frequent among the recidivists. A comparison of those whose victim was a partner and those whose victim was not a live-in companion did not reveal any significant difference in physical abuse in the partner relationship. The findings revealed that a great majority of women who pose a risk for violent behavior have personality disorder and substance abuse problems. Treatment implications are discussed.