Solution and aging twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were obtained by the solution-treated at 1150°C for 2 h and aging-treated at 700°C for 6 and 24 h. Carbide precipitation is generated in the grain boundary and formed inside grains for aging time prolonging. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy was used to investigate the local distribution of hydrogen after hydrogen charging in TWIP steel with carbides in grain boundaries and grains. Results showed that carbides at the grain boundary adsorbed more hydrogen than those in the grain. Carbide precipitated phase as a hydrogen trap can enhance the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and generated more secondary cracks at the grain boundary.
ChoiY-SNesicSLingS.Effect of H2S on the CO2 corrosion of carbon steel in acidic solutions. Electrochim Acta. 2011; 56 (4): 1752–1760.
2.
ChinK-GKangC-YShinSY. Effects of Al addition on deformation and fracture mechanisms in two high manganese TWIP steels. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011; 528 (6): 2922–2928.
3.
KoyamaMAkiyamaETsuzakiK.Hydrogen embrittlement in a Fe–Mn–C ternary twinning-induced plasticity steel. Corrosion Sci. 2012; 54: 1–4.
4.
KoyamaMAkiyamaETsuzakiK.Effect of hydrogen content on the embrittlement in a Fe–Mn–C twinning-induced plasticity steel. Corrosion Sci. 2012; 59: 277–281.
5.
DieudonnéTMarchettiLWeryM. Role of copper and aluminum additions on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of austenitic Fe–Mn–C TWIP steels. Corrosion Sci. 2014; 82: 218–226.
6.
KwonYJLeeTLeeJ. Role of Cu on hydrogen embrittlement behavior in Fe–Mn–C–Cu TWIP steel. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2015; 40 (23): 7409–7419.
7.
Gutiérrez-UrrutiaIRaabeD.High strength and ductile low density austenitic FeMnAlC steels: simplex and alloys strengthened by nanoscale ordered carbides. Mater Sci Technol. 2014; 30 (9): 1099–1104.
8.
YaoMDeyPSeolJ-B. Combined atom probe tomography and density functional theory investigation of the Al off-stoichiometry of κ-carbides in an austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–C low density steel. Acta Mater. 2016; 106: 229–238.
9.
KoyamaMSpringerHMerzlikinSV. Hydrogen embrittlement associated with strain localization in a precipitation-hardened Fe–Mn–Al–C light weight austenitic steel. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2014; 39 (9): 4634–4646.
10.
IchitaniKKannoMKuramotoS.Recent development in hydrogen microprint technique and its application to hydrogen embrittlement. ISIJ Int. 2003; 43 (4): 496–504.
11.
TarzimoghadamZRohwerderMMerzlikinSV. Multi-scale and spatially resolved hydrogen mapping in a Ni–Nb model alloy reveals the role of the δ phase in hydrogen embrittlement of alloy 718. Acta Mater. 2016; 109: 69–81.
12.
TakahashiJKawakamiKKobayashiY. The first direct observation of hydrogen trapping sites in TiC precipitation-hardening steel through atom probe tomography. Scripta Mater. 2010; 63 (3): 261–264.
13.
ChenY-SLuHLiangJ. Observation of hydrogen trapping at dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates. Science; 367 (6474): 171–175.
14.
SchmutzPFrankelG.Characterization of AA2024-T3 by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. J Electrochem Soc. 1998; 145 (7): 2285.
15.
MelitzWShenJKummelAC. Kelvin probe force microscopy and its application. Surf Sci Rep. 2011; 66 (1): 1–27.
16.
LarignonCAlexisJAndrieuE. Investigation of Kelvin probe force microscopy efficiency for the detection of hydrogen ingress by cathodic charging in an aluminium alloy. Scr Mater. 2013; 68 (7): 479–482.
17.
SenözCEversSStratmannM. Scanning Kelvin probe as a highly sensitive tool for detecting hydrogen permeation with high local resolution. Electrochem Commun. 2011; 13 (12): 1542–1545.
18.
KoyamaMBashirARohwerderM. Spatially and kinetically resolved mapping of hydrogen in a twinning-induced plasticity steel by use of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. J Electrochem Soc. 2015; 162 (12): C638–C647.
19.
HuaZAnBIijimaT. The finding of crystallographic orientation dependence of hydrogen diffusion in austenitic stainless steel by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Scr Mater. 2017; 131: 47–50.
20.
HuaZZhuSAnB. The finding of hydrogen trapping at phase boundary in austenitic stainless steel by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Scr Mater. 2019; 162: 219–222.
21.
HurleyCMartinFMarchettiL. Numerical modeling of thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDS) for the study of hydrogen diffusion and trapping interactions in metals. IJHE. 2015; 40 (8): 3402–3414.
22.
WanHCaiYSongD. Effect of Cr/Mo carbides on corrosion behaviour of Fe_Mn_C twinning induced plasticity steel. Corros Sci. 2020; 167: 108518.
23.
QiLJuLZhouJ. JAllC. 2017; 721: 55–63.
24.
MichlerTBaloghMP.Hydrogen environment embrittlement of an ODS RAF steel – role of irreversible hydrogen trap sites. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2010; 35 (18): 9746–9754.
25.
ZhaoJJiangZLeeCS.Effects of tungsten on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of microalloyed steels. Corrosion Sci. 2014; 82: 380–391.
26.
KangHJYooJSParkJT. Effect of nano-carbide formation on hydrogen-delayed fracture for quenching and tempering steels during high-frequency induction heat treatment. Mater Sci Eng A. 2012; 543: 6–11.
27.
MaroefIOlsonDEberhartM. Hydrogen trapping in ferritic steel weld metal. Int Mater Rev. 2002; 47 (4): 191–223.
28.
LeeJLeeJY.Hydrogen trapping in AISI 4340 steel. Met Sci. 1983; 17 (9): 426–432.
29.
BhadeshiaHKDH.Prevention of hydrogen embrittlement in steels. ISIJ Int. 2016; 56 (1): 24–36.
30.
PressouyreGBernsteinI.A kinetic trapping model for hydrogen-induced cracking. Acta Metall. 1979; 27 (1): 89–100.
31.
EversSRohwerderM.The hydrogen electrode in the “dry”: a Kelvin probe approach to measuring hydrogen in metals. Electrochem. Commun. 2012; 24: 85–88.
32.
QianJChenCYuH. The influence and the mechanism of the precipitate/austenite interfacial C-enrichment on the intergranular corrosion sensitivity in 310 S stainless steel. Corrosion Sci. 2016; 111: 352–361.
33.
BrassA-MChêneJ.Hydrogen uptake in 316L stainless steel: consequences on the tensile properties. Corrosion Sci. 2006; 48 (10): 3222–3242.
34.
JungK-HKimS-J.Role of M23C6 carbide on the corrosion characteristics of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel in N2-O2-CO2-SO2 atmosphere at 650°C. Appl Surf Sci. 2019; 483: 417–424.
35.
San MarchiCSomerdayBPRobinsonSL.Permeability, solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen isotopes in stainless steels at high gas pressures. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2007; 32 (1): 100–116.
36.
WeiF-GEnomotoMTsuzakiK.Applicability of the Kissinger's formula and comparison with the McNabb–Foster model in simulation of thermal desorption spectrum. Comput Mater Sci. 2012; 51 (1): 322–330.
37.
ZhouYWangZZhaoJ. Energy for the interface system of (Nb, Mo)C/γ-Fe. Appl Phys A. 2017; 123 (8): 509.
38.
TeradaMSaikiMCostaI. Microstructure and intergranular corrosion of the austenitic stainless steel 1.4970. J Nucl Mater. 2006; 358 (1): 40–46.
39.
KimKHongHMinK. Correlation between the carbide morphology and cavity nucleation in an austenitic stainless steels under creep-fatigue. Mater Sci Eng A. 2004; 387-389: 531–535.
40.
AkisanyaARObiURentonNC.Effect of ageing on phase evolution and mechanical properties of a high tungsten super-duplex stainless steel. Mater Sci Eng A. 2012; 535: 281–289.
41.
KirchheimR.Revisiting hydrogen embrittlement models and hydrogen-induced homogeneous nucleation of dislocations. Scr Mater. 2010; 62 (2): 67–70.
