Effects of electrolyte thickness,chloride ion concentration,and an external direct current electric field on corrosion behaviour of silver under a thin electrolyte layer
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online April, 2019
Effects of electrolyte thickness,chloride ion concentration,and an external direct current electric field on corrosion behaviour of silver under a thin electrolyte layer
Effects of electrolyte thickness, chloride ion concentration, and an external direct current electric field (DCEF) on the corrosion behaviour of silver under a thin electrolyte layer (TEL) were investigated using electrochemical and surface techniques. The results indicate the corrosion rate of silver increases with the decrease of TEL thickness and the increase of chloride ion concentration. Moreover, an interesting conclusion was drawn that the corrosion rate of silver near the positive plate of DCEF first increases and then decreases with the increase of electric field intensity. In a DCEF, different polarisation behaviours of silver at different positions were attributed to the differences of the local corrosion environment.
HienonemRLahtinenR.Corrosion and climatic effects in electronics. Vtt Publications. 2007; 623: 3–243.
2.
MinzariDJellesenMSMøllerPElectrochemical migration on electronic chip resistors in chloride environments. IEEE Trans Device Mater Reliab.2009; 9: 392–402. doi: 10.1109/TDMR.2009.2022631
3.
MinzariDMøllerPAmbatR.2010. Investigation of electronic corrosion mechanisms. Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Demark.
4.
SchweigartHWackH.Humidity and pollution effects on Pb-free assemblies: a study of how metallization and operating voltage influence electrochemical migration. Mar Petrol Geol.2009; 11 (6): 590–591.
5.
HuangHDongZChenZThe effects of Cl− ion concentration and relative humidity on atmospheric corrosion behaviour of PCB-Cu under adsorbed thin electrolyte layer. Corros Sci2011; 53: 1230–1236. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.12.018
6.
HuangHGuoXZhangGThe effects of temperature and electric field on atmospheric corrosion behaviour of PCB-Cu under absorbed thin electrolyte layer. Corros Sci2011; 53: 1700–1707. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.01.031
7.
ZhongXZhangGQiuYThe corrosion of tin under thin electrolyte layers containing chloride. Corros Sci2013; 66: 14–25. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.08.040
8.
HuangHPanZQiuYElectrochemical corrosion behaviour of copper under periodic wet–dry cycle condition. Microelectron Reliab2013; 53: 1149–1158. doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2013.05.002
9.
ZouSLiXDongCElectrochemical migration, whisker formation, and corrosion behavior of printed circuit board under wet H2S environment. Electrochim Acta. 2013; 114: 363–371. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.051
10.
MedgyesBIllésBBeréyiRIn situ optical inspection of electrochemical migration during THB tests. J Mater Sci.2011; 22: 694–700.
11.
VerdingovasVJellesenMSAmbatR.Influence of sodium chloride and weak organic acids (flux residues) on electrochemical migration of tin on surface mount chip components. Corros Eng Sci Technol.2013; 48: 426–435. doi: 10.1179/1743278213Y.0000000078
12.
ZhongXZhangGQiuYIn situ study the dependence of electrochemical migration of tin on chloride. Electrochem Commun.2013; 27: 63–68. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.11.010
13.
ZhongXZhangGQiuYElectrochemical migration of tin in thin electrolyte layer containing chloride ions. Corros Sci.2013; 74: 71–82. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.04.015
14.
ZhongXZhangGGuoX.The effect of electrolyte layer thickness on electrochemical migration of tin. Corros Sci.2015; 96: 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.04.014
15.
ZhongXGuoXQiuYIn situ study the electrochemical migration of Tin under unipolar square wave electric field. J Electrochem Soc.2013; 160: D495–D500. doi: 10.1149/2.014311jes
16.
LiaoBChenZQiuQInhibitory effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the electrochemical migration of tin in thin electrolyte layers containing chloride ions. Corros Sci.2017; 118: 190–201. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2017.02.013
17.
LiaoBChenZQiuQEffect of citrate ions on the electrochemical migration of tin in thin electrolyte layer containing chloride ions. Corros Sci.2016; 112: 393–401. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2016.08.003
18.
ZhongXChenLHuJIn situ study of the electrochemical migration of Tin under bipolar square wave voltage. J Electrochem Soc.2017; 164: D342–D347. doi: 10.1149/2.1491706jes
19.
HuangHPanZGuoXEffect of an alternating electric field on the atmospheric corrosion behaviour of copper under a thin electrolyte layer. Corros Sci.2013; 75: 100–105. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.05.019
20.
HuangHGuoXZhangGEffect of direct current electric field on atmospheric corrosion behavior of copper under thin electrolyte layer. Corros Sci.2011; 53: 3446–3449. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.04.017
21.
HuangHPanZGuoXEffects of direct current electric field on corrosion behaviour of copper, Cl− ion migration behaviour and dendrites growth under thin electrolyte layer. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2014; 24: 285–291. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63059-4
22.
Conseil-GudlaHJellesenMSAmbatR.Printed circuit board surface finish and effects of chloride contamination, electric field, and humidity on corrosion reliability. J Electron Mater.2017; 46: 817–825. doi: 10.1007/s11664-016-4974-7
23.
HuangHLTianJZhangGA.Atmospheric corrosion behavior of Tin under an alternating current electric field. J Electron Mater.2017; 46: 4359–4372. doi: 10.1007/s11664-017-5395-y
24.
HuangHTianJ.Effects of electric field and bias voltage on corrosion behavior of tin under a thin electrolyte layer. Microelectron Reliab.2017; 78: 131–142. doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2017.08.013
25.
HuangHLBuFRTianJInfluence of direct current electric field on corrosion behavior of Tin under a thin electrolyte layer. J Electron Mater.2017; 46: 6936–6946. doi: 10.1007/s11664-017-5727-y
26.
ArraMShangguanDKXieDJStudy of immersion silver and tin printed-circuit-board surface finishes in lead-free solder applications. J Electron Mater.2004; 33: 977–990. doi: 10.1007/s11664-004-0025-x
27.
WangWChoubeyAAzarianMHAn assessment of immersion silver surface finish for lead-free electronics. J Electron Mater.2009; 38: 815–827. doi: 10.1007/s11664-009-0761-z
28.
WiesingerRMartinaIKleberCHInfluence of relative humidity and ozone on atmospheric silver corrosion. Corros Sci.2013; 77: 69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.07.028
29.
MinzariDJellesenMSMøllerPMorphological study of silver corrosion in highly aggressive sulfur environments. Eng Fail Anal.2011; 18: 2126–2136. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.07.003
30.
LiangDAllenHCFrankelGSEffects of sodium chloride particles, ozone, UV, and relative humidity on atmospheric corrosion of silver. J Electrochem Soc.2010; 157: C146–C156. doi: 10.1149/1.3310812
31.
HuoYTanMY.Localised corrosion of cathodically protected pipeline steel under the effects of cyclic potential transients. Corros Eng Sci Technol.2018; 53: 348–354. doi: 10.1080/1478422X.2018.1471250
32.
HuoYTanMY.Measuring and understanding the critical duration and amplitude of anodic transients. Corros Eng Sci Technol.2018; 53: 65–72. doi: 10.1080/1478422X.2017.1386017
33.
TanYLiuT.Characterising localised corrosion inhibition by means of parameters measured by an electrochemically integrated multielectrode array. Corros Eng Sci Technol.2014; 49: 23–31. doi: 10.1179/1743278213Y.0000000100
34.
HuangHTianJZhangGThe corrosion of X52 steel at an elbow of loop system based on array electrode technology. Mater Chem Phys.2016; 181: 312–320. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.06.064
35.
TianJHuangHPanZEffect of flow velocity on corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy at elbow of loop system. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2016; 26: 2857–2867. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64414-X
36.
NishikataAIchiharaYTsuruT.An application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to atmospheric corrosion study. Corros Sci.1995; 37: 897–911. doi: 10.1016/0010-938X(95)00002-2
37.
GraedelTE.Corrosion mechanisms for silver exposed to the atmosphere. J Electrochem Soc.1992; 139: 1963–1970. doi: 10.1149/1.2221162
38.
ChengYLZhangZCaoFHA study of the corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 under thin electrolyte layers. Corros Sci.2004; 46: 1649–1667. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2003.10.005
39.
StratmannMStreckelHKimKTOn the atmospheric corrosion of metals which are covered with thin electrolyte layers – iii. The measurement of polarisation curves on metal surfaces which are covered by thin electrolyte layers. Corros Sci.1990; 30: 715–734. doi: 10.1016/0010-938X(90)90034-3
