This study investigated the susceptibility to pitting corrosion of 316L in CO2 and N2 environments at temperatures from 30 to 80°C in 3 wt-% NaCl at pH 4. Results from cyclic polarisation technique confirm greater pitting susceptibility of 316L in the CO2 environment. Electronic properties and composition of the passive film were identified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Increasing temperature negatively affects the passive film stability, and its influences are amplified in the presence of CO2 as compared to N2. In the CO2 environment, the passive film becomes porous with the increasing temperature leading to higher defects (donor/acceptor densities).
KermaniMHarrD.The impact of corrosion on oil and gas industry. in Giornata di studio IGF S. Donato Milanese 1996. 2008.
2.
DavisonRLaurinTRRedmondJDA review of worldwide developments in stainless steels. Mater Des. 1986; 7 (3): 111–119.
3.
LoKHShekCHLaiJ.Recent developments in stainless steels. Mater Sci Eng R. 2009; 65 (4): 39–104.
4.
CallaghanB.The performance of a 12% chromium steel in concrete in severe marine environments. Corros Sci. 1993; 35 (5-8): 1535–1541.
5.
SilvaCCFariasJPde Sant'AnaHB.Evaluation of AISI 316L stainless steel welded plates in heavy petroleum environment. Mater Des. 2009; 30 (5): 1581–1587.
6.
SilvaCCde MirandaHCde Sant'AnaHBMicrostructure, hardness and petroleum corrosion evaluation of 316L/AWS E309MoL-16 weld metal. Mater Charact. 2009; 60 (4): 346–352.
7.
OlssonJ.Stainless steels for desalination plants. Desalination. 2005; 183 (1-3): 217–225.
8.
OlivaresRRodilSArzateH.In vitro studies of the biomineralization in amorphous carbon films. Surf Coat Technol. 2004; 177-178: 758–764.
9.
ZahraniEMSaatchiAAlfantaziA.Pitting of 316L stainless steel in flare piping of a petrochemical plant. Eng Fail Anal. 2010; 17 (4): 810–817.
10.
SaricimenHShamimMAllamIMPerformance of austenitic stainless steels in MSF desalination plant flash chambers in the Arabian Gulf. Desalination. 1990; 78 (3): 327–341.
11.
MalikAMayan KuttyPCSiddiqiNAThe influence of pH and chloride concentration on the corrosion behaviour of AISI 316L steel in aqueous solutions. Corros Sci. 1992; 33 (11): 1809–1827.
12.
BastidasJPoloJLTorresCLA study on the stability of AISI 316L stainless steel pitting corrosion through its transfer function. Corros Sci. 2001; 43 (2): 269–281.
13.
JiaZ-JDuC-WLiC-TStudy on pitting process of 316L stainless steel by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2011; 18 (1): 48–52.
14.
LiDWangJDChenDrInfluences of pH value, temperature, chloride ions and sulfide ions on the corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel in the simulated cathodic environment of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power Sour. 2014; 272: 448–456.
15.
OlefjordI.The passive state of stainless steels. Mater Sci Eng. 1980; 42: 161–171.
16.
LiuJZhangTMengGEffect of pitting nucleation on critical pitting temperature of 316L stainless steel by nitric acid passivation. Corros Sci. 2015; 91: 232–244.
17.
LiTLiuLZhangBPassive behavior of a bulk nanostructured 316L austenitic stainless steel consisting of nanometer-sized grains with embedded nano-twin bundles. Corros Sci. 2014; 85: 331–342.
18.
FredrikssonWMalmgrenSGustafssonTFull depth profile of passive films on 316L stainless steel based on high resolution HAXPES in combination with ARXPS. Appl Surf Sci. 2012; 258 (15): 5790–5797.
19.
MontemorMFerreiraMGSHakikiNEChemical composition and electronic structure of the oxide films formed on 316L stainless steel and nickel based alloys in high temperature aqueous environments. Corros Sci. 2000; 42 (9): 1635–1650.
20.
MesquitaTJChauveauEMantelMA XPS study of the Mo effect on passivation behaviors for highly controlled stainless steels in neutral and alkaline conditions. Appl Surf Sci. 2013; 270: 90–97.
21.
RamanaKAnitaTMandalSEffect of different environmental parameters on pitting behavior of AISI type 316L stainless steel: experimental studies and neural network modeling. Mater Des. 2009; 30 (9): 3770–3775.
22.
YangYGuoLLiuH.The effect of temperature on corrosion behavior of SS316L in the cathode environment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sour. 2011; 196 (13): 5503–5510.
23.
MeguidEAEMahmoudNGoudaV.Pitting corrosion behaviour of AISI 316L steel in chloride containing solutions. Br Corros J. 1998; 33 (1): 42–48.
24.
ZhangHZhaoYJiangZ.Effects of temperature on the corrosion behavior of 13Cr martensitic stainless steel during exposure to CO2 and Cl− environment. Mater Lett. 2005; 59 (27): 3370–3374.
25.
MoreiraRFrancoCVJoiaCJBMThe effects of temperature and hydrodynamics on the CO2 corrosion of 13Cr and 13Cr5Ni2Mo stainless steels in the presence of free acetic acid. Corros Sci. 2004; 46 (12): 2987–3003.
26.
EzuberHM.Corrosion behavior of heat-treated duplex stainless steels in saturated carbon dioxide-chloride solutions. J ASTM Int. 2005; 2 (5): 1–11.
27.
AnselmoNMayJEMarianoNACorrosion behavior of supermartensitic stainless steel in aerated and CO 2-saturated synthetic seawater. Mater Sci Eng A. 2006; 428 (1): 73–79.
28.
ParkJ-JPyunS-ILeeW-JEffect of bicarbonate ion additives on pitting corrosion of type 316L stainless steel in aqueous 0.5 M sodium chloride solution. Corrosion. 1999; 55 (4): 380–387.
29.
Standard, A., G61-86. Standard test method for conducting cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements for localized corrosion susceptibility of iron-, nickel-, or cobalt-based alloys, ASTM standards. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 2009.
30.
PaolaAD.Semiconducting properties of passive films on stainless steels. Electrochim Acta. 1989; 34 (2): 203–210.
31.
Da Cunha BeloMHakikiNEFerreiraMGS.Semiconducting properties of passive films formed on nickel–base alloys type alloy 600: influence of the alloying elements. Electrochim Acta. 1999; 44 (14): 2473–2481.
32.
AmriJSouierTMalkiBEffect of the final annealing of cold rolled stainless steels sheets on the electronic properties and pit nucleation resistance of passive films. Corros Sci. 2008; 50 (2): 431–435.
33.
AbdulwahhabYPojtanabuntoengKBarifcaniAEIS and Mott-Schottky to Study the Passive Film Properties of 316L and its Susceptibility to Pitting Corrosion. 2016.
34.
BiesingerMCPayneBPGrosvenorAPResolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. Appl Surf Sci. 2011; 257 (7): 2717–2730.
35.
BiesingerMCPayneBPLauLWMX-ray photoelectron spectroscopic chemical state quantification of mixed nickel metal, oxide and hydroxide systems. Surf Interface Anal. 2009; 41 (4): 324–332.
36.
GrosvenorAPBiesingerMCSmartRCNew interpretations of XPS spectra of nickel metal and oxides. Surf Sci. 2006; 600 (9): 1771–1779.
37.
WikaSF.‘Pitting and crevice corrosion of stainless steel under offshore conditions,’ Materials Chemistry and Energy Technology, Master thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Trondheim. 2012.
38.
MalikAUAhmadSAndijaniICorrosion behavior of steels in gulf seawater environment. Desalination. 1999; 123 (2): 205–213.
39.
NevilleAHodgkiessT.An assessment of the corrosion behaviour of high-grade alloys in seawater at elevated temperature and under a high velocity impinging flow. Corros Sci. 1996; 38 (6): 927–956.
40.
KimJJYoungYM.Study on the passive film of type 316 stainless steel. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2013; 8 (10): 11847–11859.
41.
ZatkalíkováVLiptákováT.Pitting corrosion of stainless steel at the various surface treatment. Materials Engineering-Materiálové inžinierstvo (MEMI). 2011; 18 (4): 115–120.
42.
MundhenkNHuttenlochPBäßlerRElectrochemical study of the corrosion of different alloys exposed to deaerated 80°C geothermal brines containing CO2. Corros Sci. 2014; 84: 180–188.
43.
LiDDuanZ.The speciation equilibrium coupling with phase equilibrium in the H2O–CO2–NaCl system from 0 to 250°C, from 0 to 1000 bar, and from 0 to 5 molality of NaCl. Chem Geol. 2007; 244 (3): 730–751.
44.
El MeguidEAGoudaVMahmoudN.Pitting corrosion behaviour of type SUS904L and SUS316L stainless steels in chloride solutions. Mater Trans JIM. 1994; 35 (10): 699–702.
45.
BoukampBA.A linear Kronig-Kramers transform test for immittance data validation. J Electrochem Soc. 1995; 142 (6): 1885–1894.
46.
AssisSLDWolynecSCostaI.Corrosion characterization of titanium alloys by electrochemical techniques. Electrochim Acta. 2006; 51 (8-9): 1815–1819.
47.
PanJLeygrafCJargelius-PetterssonRFACharacterization of high-temperature oxide films on stainless steels by electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy. Oxidat Met. 1998; 50 (5): 431–455.
48.
YagiSSengokuAKubotaKSurface modification of ACM522 magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation in phosphate electrolyte. Corros Sci. 2012; 57: 74–80.
49.
EvgenijBMacdonaldJR.Impedance spectroscopy: theory. West Sussex: Experiment and Applications; 2005.
50.
VidalVIgual MuñozA.Study of the adsorption process of bovine serum albumin on passivated surfaces of CoCrMo biomedical alloy. Electrochim Acta. 2010; 55 (28): 8445–8452.
51.
BrugGJvan den EedenALGSluyters-RehbachMThe analysis of electrode impedances complicated by the presence of a constant phase element. J Electroanal Chem Interfac Electrochem. 1984; 176 (1): 275–295.
52.
HirschornBOrazemMETribolletBDetermination of effective capacitance and film thickness from constant-phase-element parameters. Electrochim Acta. 2010; 55 (21): 6218–6227.
53.
QiaoYXZhengYGKeWElectrochemical behaviour of high nitrogen stainless steel in acidic solutions. Corros Sci. 2009; 51 (5): 979–986.
54.
Metikoš-HukovićMBabićRGrubačZHigh corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel alloyed with nitrogen in an acid solution. Corros Sci. 2011; 53 (6): 2176–2183.
55.
Fernández-DomeneRMBlasco-TamaritEGarcía-GarcíaDMThermogalvanic corrosion of alloy 31 in different heavy brine LiBr solutions. Corros Sci. 2012; 55: 40–53.
56.
HakikiNBBoudinSRondotBThe electronic structure of passive films formed on stainless steels. Corros Sci. 1995; 37 (11): 1809–1822.
57.
HakikiN.Semiconducting properties of passive films formed on stainless steels influence of the alloying elements. J Electrochem Soc. 1998; 145 (11): 3821–3829.
58.
NingshenSKamachi MudaliUMittalVKSemiconducting and passive film properties of nitrogen-containing type 316LN stainless steels. Corros Sci. 2007; 49 (2): 481–496.
59.
GoodletGFatySCardosoSThe electronic properties of sputtered chromium and iron oxide films. Corros Sci. 2004; 46 (6): 1479–1499.
60.
MacdonaldDD.The point defect model for the passive state. J Electrochem Soc. 1992; 139 (12): 3434–3449.
61.
FengZChengXDongCPassivity of 316L stainless steel in borate buffer solution studied by Mott–Schottky analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Corros Sci. 2010; 52 (11): 3646–3653.
62.
BastidasJTorresCLCanoEInfluence of molybdenum on passivation of polarised stainless steels in a chloride environment. Corros Sci. 2002; 44 (3): 625–633.
63.
KarimiSNickchiTAlfantaziAM.Long-term corrosion investigation of AISI 316L, Co–28Cr–6Mo, and Ti–6Al–4 V alloys in simulated body solutions. Appl Surf Sci. 2012; 258 (16): 6087–6096.
64.
JangHKwonH.In situ study on the effects of Ni and Mo on the passive film formed on Fe–20Cr alloys by photoelectrochemical and Mott–Schottky techniques. J Electroanal Chem. 2006; 590 (2): 120–125.
65.
MarcusPMauriceVSchutzeM.Corrosion and environmental degradation. Mater Sci Technol. 2000; 19: 131–169.
66.
XuHWangLSunDThe passive oxide films growth on 316L stainless steel in borate buffer solution measured by real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry. Appl Surf Sci. 2015; 351: 367–373.
67.
HashimotoKAsamiKTeramotoK.An X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic study on the role of molybdenum in increasing the corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steels in HC1. Corros Sci. 1979; 19 (1): 3–14.
68.
SedriksAJ.Corrosion of stainless steel. 2nd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 1996.
