Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were organic modified by the synthesized flame retardant (FR) named as spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride/10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (SPDH). CNTs-g-SPDH with a core-shell microstructure was successfully obtained, and its grafting efficiency was calculated to be about 65%. Effects of pristine CNTs and modified CNTs on flame retardation, structure and mechanical properties of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) were investigated. Cone calorimeter results showed that the heat release rate (HRR) and smoke production rate (SPR) of HIPS nanocomposites filled with CNTs or CNTs-g-SPDH were reduced. Moreover, addition of CNTs-g-SPDH resulted in better charring performance than that of pristine CNTs. Modification of CNTs improved compatibility and dispersion in the polymer matrix. Mechanical measurements showed that the Young's modulus increased, while the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. The negative effect of CNTs-g-SPDH on tensile strength of HIPS resin was obviously minimized by organic modification of CNTs.
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