Carbon fibre as reinforcement and polyamide resin as matrix were used to manufacture unidirectional laminates by using hot compression method for investigating the effect of trigger on their crashworthiness and energy absorption capability through static compression tests. Two types of trigger including single and double bevel trigger were used meanwhile six trigger angles from 30° to 80° of each type were employed to investigate the trigger effect. Optical observation was employed to observe the crushed cross section of each laminates to explain the fracture behaviour.
XuJ, MaY, ZhangQ, Crashworthiness of carbon fiber hybrid composite tubes molded by filament winding. Compos Struct. 2016;139:130–140.
2.
MaY, SugaharaT, YangY, A study on the energy absorption properties of carbon/aramid fiber filament winding composite tube. Compos Struct. 2015;123:301–311.
3.
Bois PD, ChouCC, FiletaBB, Vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection. Michigan: American Iron and Steel Institute; 2004.
4.
ReddyT, RaoY, NarayanamurthyV.Thin-walled structural configurations for enhanced crashworthiness. Int J Crashworthiness. 2017;23(1):57–73.
HamadaH, CoppolaJ, HullD, Comparison of energy absorption of carbon/epoxy and carbon/PEEK composite tubes. Composites. 1992;23(4):245–252.
7.
PalaniveluS, Van PaepegemW, DegrieckJ, Experimental study on the axial crushing behaviour of pultruded composite tubes. Polym Test. 2010;29(2):224–234.
8.
PriemC, OthmanR, RozyckiP, Experimental investigation of the crash energy absorption of 2.5 D-braided thermoplastic composite tubes. Compos Struct. 2014;116:814–826.
9.
WarriorN, TurnerT, RobitailleF, Effect of resin properties and processing parameters on crash energy absorbing composite structures made by RTM. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2003;34(6):543–550.
10.
MahdiE, HamoudaA, SebaeyT.The effect of fiber orientation on the energy absorption capability of axially crushed composite tubes. Mater Des (1980-2015). 2014;56:923–928.
11.
KalhorR, CaseSW.The effect of FRP thickness on energy absorption of metal-FRP square tubes subjected to axial compressive loading. Compos Struct. 2015;130:44–50.
12.
AliaR, CantwellW, LangdonG, The energy-absorbing characteristics of composite tube-reinforced foam structures. Compos Part B: Eng. 2014;61:127–135.
13.
YanL, ChouwN, JayaramanK.Lateral crushing of empty and polyurethane-foam filled natural flax fabric reinforced epoxy composite tubes. Compos Part B: Eng. 2014;63:15–26.
14.
SavonaSC, HoggPJ.Investigation of plate geometry on the crushing of flat composite plates. Compos Sci Technol. 2006;66(11):1639–1650.
15.
UedaM, AnzaiS, KuboT.Progressive crushing of a unidirectional CFRP plate with V-shaped trigger. Adv Compos Mater. 2015;24(1):85–95.
16.
BruT, WaldenströmP, GutkinR, Development of a test method for evaluating the crushing behaviour of unidirectional laminates. J Compos Mater. 2017;51(29):4041–4051.
JimenezM, MiraveteA, LarrodeE, Effect of trigger geometry on energy absorption in composite profiles. Compos Struct. 2000;48(1–3):107–111.
20.
ThorntonPH, EdwardsP.Energy absorption in composite tubes. J Compos Mater. 1982;16(6):521–545.
21.
SiromaniD, HendersonG, MikitaD, An experimental study on the effect of failure trigger mechanisms on the energy absorption capability of CFRP tubes under axial compression. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf. 2014;64:25–35.
22.
HussainNN, RegallaSP, Rao YendluriVD.Numerical investigation into the effect of various trigger configurations on crashworthiness of GFRP crash boxes made of different types of cross sections. Int J Crashworthiness. 2017;22(5):565–581.
23.
CzaplickiMJ, RobertsonRE, ThorntonPH.Comparison of bevel and tulip triggered pultruded tubes for energy absorption. Compos Sci Technol. 1991;40(1):31–46.
24.
EshkoorRA, OshkovrSA, SulongAB, Comparative research on the crashworthiness characteristics of woven natural silk/epoxy composite tubes. Mater Des. 2013;47:248–257.
