Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites with different layered organoclays (variation in the surface treatment of silicate) and one special nanofiller (mixed mineral thixotrope) were melt-compounded using a semi-industrial co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Effects of the silicate surface treatment and shape on the structure as well on processing and utility properties in PLA matrix were investigated. The structural changes in polymer matrix were evaluated from dynamic experiments in the shear flow using low-amplitude oscillatory measurements. Moreover, new approach for morphological investigation of nanocomposites using small-angle X-ray scattering was presented. Concerning utility properties, tests of mechanical and barrier properties were performed to compare enhancement of PLA matrix due to incorporation of different nanoparticles. Surprisingly, filling the PLA matrix with mixed mineral thixotrope resulted into very high material performance (in particular, significant improvement in barrier properties) compared to filling with commercial layered silicates. In this way, new type of nanofiller for PLA applications has been successfully tested.
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