Left and Right Hemifield Advantages of Fusions and Combinations in Audiovisual Speech Perception

Abstract

If a place-of-articulation contrast is created between the auditory and the visual component syllables of videotaped speech, frequently the syllable that listeners report they have heard differs phonetically from the auditory component. These “McGurk effects”, as they have come to be called, show that speech perception may involve some kind of intermodal process. There are two classes of these phenomena: fusions and combinations. Perception of the syllable /da/ when auditory /ba/ and visual /ga/ are presented provides a clear example of the former, and perception of the string /bga/ after presentation of auditory /ga/ and visual /ba/ an unambiguous instance of the latter. Besides perceptual fusions and combinations, hearing visually presented component syllables also shows an influence of vision on audition. It is argued that these “visual” responses arise from basically the same underlying processes that yield fusions and combinations, respectively. In the present study, the visual component of audiovisually incongruous CV-syllables was presented in the left and the right visual hemifield, respectively. Audiovisual fusion responses showed a left hemifield advantage, and audiovisual combination responses a right hemifield advantage. This finding suggests that the process of audiovisual integration differs between audiovisual fusions and combinations and, furthermore, that the two cerebral hemispheres contribute differentially to the two classes of response.