The previously developed analytical models were improved to better estimate the peak load of resistance spot welds in pull-out failure. A more realistic distribution of loading/deformation around the spot weld, which was numerically revealed using finite element (FE) modelling, was assumed in the improved model. The introduced parameter in the improved model was fitted using reported experimental results, and this parameter was found to be primarily influenced by the shear strength at the failure position. Finally, the performance, improvement, and applicability of this model were discussed.
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